An H–bridge, as an electronic circuit, it allows to reverse the polarity of the voltage applied to a load, typically used to control the direction and speed of DC motors🥤!
The H–bridge electronic circuit is primarily used to control the direction (forward/reverse) and speed of a DC motor🦽!
As in, the motor can spin both clockwise and counter-clockwise🧘♂️!
The name comes from its schematic👇 design!
Four switches (SOZI) arranged vertically with the load in the center,
resembling the letter “H“🤪!
Most H–bridge circuits are enclosed🧐!
Sh*t is packed inside some casing, whether it is a small, breadboard-friendly Integrated Circuit (IC) like the L293D Motor Driver or an industrial-grade high-power module!
Encasing this sensitive circuit helps protect the components from physical damage, dust, and moisture while improving overall circuit safety🚑!
An Electronic Control Unit (ECU) that is managing a system involving the control of a DC motor, it has the H–bridge electronic component somewhere on the circuit board🤷♀️!
For example🤔,
the Vehicle‘s Electronic Throttle System precisely controls the opening/closing of the Throttle Valve using an H–bridge📌!
Vehicle‘s Active Electronic Suspension System precisely controls the lowering/rising of Vehicle’s Suspensions📌!
The H–bridge magic is used in several electronic control systems👌!
By the Way📌
We pile ECU‘s circuits‘ troubleshooting nonsense!
Click HERE
Most H–bridges are pre–built into square or rectangular microchips (often with 8, 16, or more metal pins)!
For example, the L293D or the TB6612FNG.
They typically have large metal tabs for heat sinking or are paired with small heatsinks🏋️♂️!
To properly understand when why how the H–bridge acts as an electronic switch for bi–directional DC motor control,
kindly remember👇 or JUST accept this truth🤪!
The DC motor‘s rotating direction can be changed by just changing the polarity of the supply battery📌!
It was rotating ‘mbele‘☝,
After changing the battery’s polarity,
it changed to rotate ‘matakoni‘👇!
HAPA UJANJA tu😲!
A moving electric charge produces a magnetic field, in fact, in simple words, electricity flowing in a conductor (like a wire), generates a circular magnetic field that wraps around the path of that electricity📌!
The👇 ‘Hapa uchawi tu‘ is that magic that happens to attract or deflect the compass or other magnet brought next to the conductor (XY)👌!
Turning into, rotating the conductor to form many coils, increases the power of the magnetic field👇!
Moving a magnet in and out of a coil induces electrical power as the magnet’s magnetic field moves across the wire, it pushes electrons, creating an electromotive force (EMF) (or voltage) that drives a current🤷♀️!
You know that with magnets,
bringing opposite poles (North-South) together they attract, as it allows the field lines to seamlessly connect and flow into one another, creating a stable, lower-energy bond🍻!
In contrast, the like poles of a magnet (North-North or South-South) repel each other🤷♀️!
Let’s get our magnet, screw in, hole(H)👇!
Connect a pendulum pole (P),that can freely swing🤷♀️!
Bringing another magnet(Y), close to magnet (X);
Opposite poles (N & S) will attract each other🤷♀️!
Like poles (N & N) will deflect, push each other🤷♀️!
Imagine how by playing about with the orientation of magnet(Y), the magnet(X) can be made to rotate, depending…ly😎!
By the Way📌
We piled Electronic Control Systems‘ sensors ECU actuators‘ troubleshooting nonsense!
Click HERE
Yes, You know that a conductor with no external force (like a battery or magnetic field) acting on it, is in some equilibrium👌!
Sasa, imagine👇our metal, bolt (B)🤔in equilibrium!
We roll a conductor coil around it 👌!
We connect this conductor coil, to an electrical circuit👌!
Remember our nonsense😉,
flowing electricity induces a magnetic field around a conductor🤔?
This external force from the magnetic field induced, starts acting as a “pressure” that superimposes a directional bias on the atoms🧐!
Eventually the atoms in the bolt acquire a collective drift velocity in one direction🛺!
The drift in one direction turns our bolt into a magnet🍺!
The same nonsense of like poles deflecting, and otherwise attracting🚧!
The being of magnet (X) can be controlled by a switch🥤!
Magnet(X) is controlled electronically, while magnet(Y) is forever a magnet⏰!
In magnet(X), the polarity (north pole or south pole) can be changed by changing the wire’s contacts⚙!
Remember,
we’re trying to setup a DC–motor🤣😃😁that rotates!
Let’s 👇modify our permanent magnet (Y)!
Let’s also modify our conductor‘s coils that make up our electromagnet (X)🥂!
Whatever We did behind the scenes,
now You can imagine that instead of having to manually switch the terminals that make electro-magnet (X)…
Nothing more to explain😁😃🤣,
as the electro–magnet (X) rotates, the terminals change automatically🤷♂️!
As part (K) of magnet (X) connects to terminal (2),
the flow of electricity is anticlockwise😎!
Niiiga, hope You see how the parts of magnet (X) switch polarities at terminal(2)!
As they switch, so does the eletro–magnet (X) polarity switches (north to south to north to….)
(K was mistakenly labeled as L🤪 do some reasoning)
But the switching enables the nonstop rotating🩺!
Switching off the power supply, means NO electro-magnetic force induced, and so NO rotation🤷♀️!
Adding more contacts (JKLMO) increases the rate at which the polarity changes, and so the continuous rotating🍻!
Making the coils in our magnet (X) to be of more wires, it increases the strength of the magnetism✌!
I hope You usually see those many coil wires in a motor🤷♀️!
Longer story shorter,
We have now made a DC motor😁🤣😃!
By the Way📌
We pile ECU‘s circuits‘ troubleshooting nonsense!
Click HERE
Back to our H–bridge circuit modules!How the H–bridge circuit is able to control the direction (forward/reverse) and speed of a DC motor🦽!
Yes, You know why switching the battery terminals, changes the direction of rotation of a DC–motor👌!
Our DC–motor (M) needs it’s 2 wires connected to power lines (SO), and(ZI)!
To be able to control the direction (forward/reverse) and speed of a DC motor🦽 let’s use this👇 circuit lay out, which is the H–bridge🚧!
H–bridge consists of four switches (SOZI) forming the vertical sides (SO) and (ZI) with the motor (M)placed as the horizontal crossbar in the middle👇!
Closing switches(S & Z) makes the motor (M) to rotate clockwise🤷♂️!
Closing switches(O & I) makes the motor (M) to rotate anti-clockwise🤷♂️ in the reverse direction🧘♂️!
Closing switches(O & Z) makes the motor (M) to STOP immediately🧘♂️!
Also, closing switches(S & I) makes the motor (M) to STOP immediately🧘♂️!
Closing switches(Z & I) could damage the setup🧘♂️!
So does closing switches(S & O) could damage the setup🧘♂️!
Could be by mistake that all the switches (SOZI) are closed at the same time, probably because of a a tiny time delay for the changeover🤪!
Remember, in an ECU, there are NO mechanical switches🤷♀️!Sasa,imagine the four switches as electronic switches (usually transistors or MOSFETs)😁🤣🤪!
So, an H–bridge consists of four electronic switches (usually transistors or MOSFETs) forming the vertical sides (SO) and (ZI), with the motor (M) placed as the horizontal crossbar in the middle, seen🤔?
Sasa, the Speed Control involves Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to rapidly pulse these electronic switches on and off, controlling the average voltage supplied and regulating the motor’s speed🤷♀️!
If the PWM spends longer time ON,
it means more speed🧐!
If the PWM spends longer time OFF, it means less speed🤷♀️!
HAPA UJANJA tu😎!
Slow forward rotation!
HAPA UJANJA tu😎!
Faster forward rotation!
HAPA UJANJA tu😎!
Faster reverse rotation!
By the Way📌
We pile ECU‘s circuits‘ troubleshooting nonsense!
Click HERE
If the H–bridge circuit is built from scratch,
HAPA UJANJA tu, You may just look for a cluster of 4 identical or paired transistors (2 P-type/high-side, 2 N-type/low-side) arranged symmetrically with a pair of flyback diodes for each,insha‘ Allah✌!
You may want waste some time & data MB’s watching this boring video🤷♂️
May be whatever is causing You believe MUST do some nonsense to the vehicle, is some minor external problem with the sensors or actuators🤷♂️!
So, this ujanja is how to check, verify all the control electronics in the vehicle, are in proper order!
click here
👇
IMMO OFF files 
☝☝
click
These files to disable immobilizer system so the ecu accepts any random key used!
HAPA UJANJAtu, hii ndio jinsi ya kugundua, kupata na kupima componets za ECU, kisha suluhisha shida hiyo. inshaAllah👇
ECU cloning, duplicating or switching memory data’s,
flash memory data, EEPROM memory data, jogolize data,
HAPA UJANJA tu!
WinOLS ni programu yenye uchawi wa kuwezesha kubadilisha, kurekebisha data iliyomo kwenye ECU.
Ina maana unaeza kutoa/kuzima hizo mifumo zenye usumbufu kwenye gari, zikiwemo IMMOBILISER (kufanya immo off). kutoa DPF, EGR, ADblue, kubadili TURBO zenye umeme, yaaani inafanya kazi nyingi kama ECU tuning, uamuzi ni wako tu🤷♂️!
Click HERE
Ujanja wa EEPROM work ni muhimu, ukitaka kumbuka niaje,
…bonyeza HAPA UJANJA tu
How it works, 
There a billion reasons why (then) to just use a motor (
Infrastructure, the roads being bad!
There are different HYBRID configurations,
Continue imagining some ‘
As long as the battery has optimum ‘juice’, the motor then solely drives the vehicle👩🦽!
Just like You would connect batteries,
Whenever necessary 
This 
Unlike traditional plug-in hybrids, 
If you’re interested in some 
Just be open-minded, depending on the Battery’s complexity, the monitoring could be per, cell, module, stack, or general Battery🤷♂️!
If you’re not sure how to test, where to test, what to test, when to test, why to…
There could be 
The 
In fact, 
You will see such DC, motor, and generator connection terminals🤷♀️!
😜🤪😁😜
Let me even stop here,
Reload document 
Open in new tab 
Whatever be it a,
