BMW (keys) SYSTEMS (EWS CAS FEM BDC)

As BMW’s becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ujinga!
This is about BMW Keys (immobilizer systems),
and related Control Units (ECU)!



For longer, exorbitant, ujanja about keys,
including how to reset (virginize) systems to accept the first key used after being virginized,
or
how to forever disable or immo off to always accept any keys used!
click here



We compile ECU PINOUTS for every all BMW ECU’s,  Electronic Control Units!
These are BMW’s  details of about which pin on the ECU connector, specific function, (e.g., ground, power, sensor input, actuator output) carried by each pin.
These BMW’ diagrams help you identify if a problem is with a sensor, a wiring harness or the ECU itself,
click HERE


HAPA UJANJA tu!

Yes, as You know, the immobilizer or anti-theft system verifies that the key used to turn the engine on is the correct one.

If the key is not the correct one, this system blocks different actions to prevent the car from starting, seen🤔?

The car’s computer will disable, the fuel pump, gears’ transmission, the ignition coil and/or the injectors, and depending on the electronic immobilizer system, it could also block the steering column which will lock the steering wheel.

When this system is activated, a warning light such as👇 will turn on!

This is JUST summarizing random points about BMW keys,
for longer extreme details, check ☝☝check  hapo juu!
All that mambo jambo, transponders, readers’ coils, immu immo, this that box, everything uko☝☝!

(We’re disorganized, and so are these👇summaries)
Some useless PDF documents are attached below the page!

ONYO📌

MINI, ROLLS-ROYCE, SOZI, and may be some others We don’t know, have some ‘zigzag’ relationship with BMW!

So, You could find some carry-over technology, seen?
BMW’s immobilizer systems, evolve from the original ‘Hakuna Matata’ just Drive Away Protection, through EWS, CAS, to these still evolving modern Frontal Electronics Module (FEM) and Body Domain Controller (BDC). 
(BMW’s immobilizer systems could be intra-split into several versions of within a version🧐)

…just, for example,

EWS-7f    EWS-7w    EWS-7k
CAS-8h    CAS-8x     CAS-8y  😜
EWS-9a    EWS-9b    EWS-9c

NOTE🚨,
BMW immobilizer systems can differ by market for the same model, due to varying security regulations and other blaa bla like insurance requirements!

So, the BMW immobilizer versions’ vehicles’ applications can be confusing, just like this statement😂🤣!

For example, these👇 vehicles, S, O, Z, I, all could be looking similar, same brand’s model,
BUT…
S could be having EWS – 5  designed for the JAMAICA market!
O could be having CAS – 0  designed for the GHANA market!
Z could be having EWS – 2  designed for the KENYA market!
I could be having CAS- 1  designed for the BARBADOS

So, it’s risky to assume, that, just because S looks like O,
so they have the same BMW’s immobilizer ujinga, seen🤔? 

The BDC, FEM, CAS, blaa bla confusing long story, is at the bottom
  👇

This is how, the story of BMW immo evolution goes…


Imagine a LOCK box, needing a password to OPEN🤔!
X, is a usual key with NO magic!
Y, is a password ‘something’!
OBC, is a Onboard Computer to validate passwords put in, at Y !
Yes, continue imagining🧐!

In this👇 picture below,
…a signal must move from S to I so that the engine can work!

This signal is blocked at O!

Only if you input a correct password,
the signal can be allowed to continue to Z, eventually to I🤷‍♀️!
Now stop imagining😁,

This is how the BMW engine immobilizer ‘ujanja’ started🤷‍♀️!

If the authentic owner didn’t want secure their BMW with this password ‘zig zag’,
they would deactivate the OBC so that the signal connects straight from, S, O, Z, I 🤷‍♀️!

If some ‘mjanja’, the unauthentic owner wanted to connect the signal from S, they would just cut, O, off the OBC, to Z, then.. 🤷‍♀️!

You realize how using ‘HAPA UJANJA tu‘ this BMW would just easily be taken🤷‍♂️stolen!

The BMW team had to wake up, start a continuous campaign to always update, dilute their ‘ujinga’ with more ‘ujanja’ 😁😜🤣!


BMW started calling their first ‘ujanja’ as EWS,

which is,
Elektronische WegfahrSperre (System), in their Masai language,
but translates to Electronic Immobilizer System

in the jaLUO😎 language!
So, with BMW, when it’s mentioned, EWS or EIS, it could be about the same nonsense, seen?

EWS1

Below, You see👇 how it would be so ‘mechanical’ & boring for the authentic owner to start their BMW’s engine?
And,
…it was very easy for unauthentic owner to just connect O to Z then drive away!

So, BMW started upgrading this ‘ujinga’, beginning with EWS1

This EWS1 consisted;
👇

F) The previous☝ ‘ujinga’ was still maintained, to control relay C, via F, the OBC!

Z) Extra ‘ujanja’ was added, that only using the correct mechanical key, Z, to lock or unlock the BMW door, would push some switch connected to the EWS1 module, B, and so  indirectly enable or disable the relay, C, that interrupted the starter circuit.

J)Automatic transmission vehicles could be started only in selector lever position P/N.

A) Because the system’s deactivation happens (mechanically) through the door lock barrels, a ‘mjanja’ just uses force to hack this, B, the EWS1 system 🤷‍♂️!

EWS1 became ‘ujinga’, so BMW came up with EWS2!

EWS2

EWS2 was to improve or elimate the ‘ujinga’ on EWS1!

ONYO🚨
There could have been many versions of EWS2 that were tried, BUT, in general, this was EWS2‘s nonsense!
👇

F) The previous ‘previous ujinga’ was still maintained, to control relay C, via F, the OBC!

Z) The previous ‘ujinga’, that only using the correct key, Z, to lock or unlock the BMW door, would now indirectly enable or disable some other security function!

J)Automatic transmission vehicles could be started only in selector lever position P/N.

1) A unique transponder chip was put into Z, the key!

E)The engine’s ECU, computer, E, would now also be involved!

2) The Ring antenna at ignition lock, A, would read & write data, 4, from & to key Z’s transponder chip, 1!

3) The Transceiver module for data exchange would translate for EWS module, B,  whatever data, 4, from 1, the transponder chip in the key, Z!

 


Kindly, let me NOT waste my ‘beer time’ explaining what magic happens, from 1 to 2, 3, for 4 to reach B, the EWS module!

Click HERE for deep nonsense on how immobilizer systems do sh*t!


Continuing  with this EWS2 nonsense…..

B) EWS control module verifies whether data, 4, is from the correct key, Z!

5) The details of the ECU, E, must be known to B!

It could be the serial number or some other unique details of the ECU that MUST first be registered, adapted to B, otherwise engine won’t start!

6) Using the serial number registered at 5, the EWS2 module, B, uses this to generate some rolling codes that must be sent and saved in the ECU!
The ECU would later use this code to verify the validity of the EWS2 module that verified the key,  before the ECU allows the engine to start!

Long story? 😜😁🤣 maneno mengi?


Again😎, NO, I’m NOT wasting my ‘beer time’ explaining this kind of  rolling code nonsense, still Click HERE for the deep nonsense on how jumping codes  do sh*t!


Back to our EWS2 story!
This is a summary of what happens in order to start the BMW engine!

👇👇
4) The key immo data, 4, in the transponder chip, 1, is read out via the ring
antenna, 2, at the ignition switch, A, into the transceiver module, 3!

3) The transceiver module, 3, translates, cleans, then transfers the key data, 4, via a bidirectional data cable to the EWS2, B!

B) The EWS control unit checks the correctness of the key data, 4, and only then sends an enable signal to the ECU, E, and the starter, D!

4) After the engine start, the EWS control unit generates new key data (variable rolling code) and sends it back  to the transponder chip in the key.

6) The enable code, 6, that is generated by the EWS2 module, using the ISN ama serial number of the ECU, then sent and stored in the ECU!

During the next engine start procedure, the next number sent by the ES2 module MUST (may) be of a counter’s incremented by 1,
or matching to some rolling code algorithm, seen🤔?
May be X☝ was the previous code,
the current code, Y,  could be 1/2 (half) of the previous code, X! The next code Z, could be Y + 2 😁🤪🤪 whatever that confusing rolling code ‘ujinga’!

 

Continuing  with this EWS2 nonsense..

Yes, after the engine start is allowed,
EWS2 module and ECU change or update to a newer code to agree on to use for next engine start, right🤔?

Sasa, imagine a situation when the engine is stalled immediately just after starting🧐!

It could be caused by, like a problem to do with with no fuel, or could be a drunk driver, kids playing with this BMW by turning the key START then OFF, again START then OFF…. again and again niaga again niaga😁😜🤣!

In such situation, You notice that the EWS2 module recognizes the engine start, then increases & generates a newer rolling code counter🤔?

But because the ECU was busy with the engine start procedure (full utilization of the processor ) that the ECU kinda fails to update & store the updated rolling code that the EWS2 module generated!

If this ‘ujinga’ happens for more than 5 starts, that the code the EWS2 sends fails to match to what the ECU expected, the ECU will refuse to start the engine🤷‍♀️!

In this case, it is necessary to perform EWS/ECU matching via the diagnostic interface.

5) As part of this procedure, 5, the ECU transfers and stores it’s ISN in the EWS control unit.

6) The two counters are also reset to some new coding to agree on next!

7) With the aim of protecting the starter, the ECU transfers the engine speed signal and other parameters to disable the relay, C!

This EWS2 blaa bla is more like the common immobilizer system, BUT, with a rolling code!

Usual components, immobilizer ECU (immo box), Transponder in the key, kama kawa🤷‍♀️!

EWS 3, and ++

Because there so many (minor) versions’ variations of within EWS3, so to save my ‘beer time’, I may be  writing as EWS3++ to mean all other versions of EWS3, seen?

Remember 👇the EWS2 🤔?

Sasa, EWS3 👇 has same nonsense like EWS2 ☝!

BUT

Unlike before☝ with, 3, in EWS2,
…the EWS3 👇 no longer has a separate transceiver, 3!

Gateway module, K, was also introduced!
The EWS3 now reads in the key data from the transponder chip directly via the ring antenna.

Some major version of EWS3 is theEWS3.3 👇

EWS3.3 has a different matching procedures between the EWS and ECU.

The details of the EWS, and some other data of that BMW, would now instead be written to the ECU!6) This ‘engine-start’ enable code contains information on the EWS control unit that is compared with the already programmed information in the ECU.

If the sent data is OK, then ‘Hakuna Matata’ the ECU allows the engine to start!

Note:
Just changing, swapping the control unit from another vehicle would no longer be possible.

EWS4

Imagine the EWS3 set up🤔,
but with the modules’ EEPROMs, memories biased to keeping the EWS or ECU data, only once, and only one specific BMW’s data can be kept in a specific module!

All being kinda (selfishly) managed by BMW🤷‍♀️!

Note:
Just changing, swapping the control unit from another vehicle is just only possible at midnight, only🧐.

CAS

CAS, means Car Access System!


In summary
,

imagine all the functions of the, EWS, DWA, and some other Gateway module’s functions,
all bundled in the CAS module🤷‍♂️!

Including, key authentication, immobilizer control, central locking, start/stop button coordination, and etc!
There are millions of CAS versions, but all be playing about the same ‘ujinga’, using different components & algorithms!

For example☝,  1Z was the key used in early versions of CAS, then 2Z, 3Z which is even used in the recent FEM nonsense as We shall keep on informing You!


In  general, the CAS module performs;

…the Key authentication to verify the identity of the key using encrypted signals before allowing the car to start.

…the Immobilizer activation where it disables the engine if an unauthorized key is detected.

…the Central locking  function that manages the locking and unlocking functions of the vehicle.

…the Start/stop button coordination to ensure the seamless operation of the ignition process for BMW’s with a push-button start.

…the Gateway function of being between different data buses, controlling the status of electrical systems, also …communicating with other systems to synchronize vehicle functions and authorize the start sequence.

..and obviously the CAS stores the coding that defines the BMW’s features and functions.



Using this CAS3 setup, for example!

So many other systems’ modules attached to the CAS module!
Together with the ECU, O, afer the CAS module, A, verifying the validity of the key, K, the CAS module also verifies with the EGS!

EGS is ‘Elektronische GetriebeSteuerung‘ in ‘Masai’ language, which translates to  or ‘Electronic Transmission Control‘ (ETC) in jaLUO langauge!

ONYO🚨
I used just the EGS for example, but there could be so many other control units that may have to also verify with the CAS module and or  engine ECU, before the engine is allowed to start or even moving🤷‍♂️!

The CAS4 👇 could be having similar nonsense as exampled with CAS3☝ above,
but with different modules, and probably with SMART KEYLESS ‘ujanja’!

Could be a different algorithm that now all the associated units, the CAS module and ECU and EGS, all have to verify each other🤷‍♀️


Alafu, to combat theft, BMW started designing the immobilizer systems using complex, encrypted security codes that are unique to each BMW, and their ‘other coding secrets’ kept on the BMW data servers!

Meaning,
when programming BMW’s recent keys, whatever tool you’re using must connect to the internet so as to access the BMW’s database, to first be verified then provided with the unique security information needed for the programming.

Otherwise just know that BMW just plays about with different control units for engine’s immobilization🤷‍♀️!

As We continue,  to FEM, BDC, SOZI, and others,
if  You have useless time to waste, You may want to first watch this 👇 rubbish, boring video, although demonstrating all the BMW nonsense🤪😜🤣

HAPA UJANJA tu😎!

 

FEM & BDC NONSENSE

FEM is the Front Electronic Module, alafu BDC is the Body Domain Controller, which are both are integrated control to manage recent BMW’s electrical system and body electronics!

To make longer story shorter,
Just like how the CAS module was introduced to combine the functions of several older modules, improving efficiency and security.

The FEM was first used, then the BDC!

The BDC integrates all the functions of the FEM plus additional responsibilities like making sure the beers in the BMW’s fridge keep cold😜😁!

There are many functions of the FEM/BDC system, including,

Being as a central gateway module (ZGM) connecting all of the vehicle’s bus systems (e.g., FlexRay, CAN, LIN) to allow communication between different control units.

Obviously being as a central component of the BMW’s immobilizer system.
As in, to store security and immobilizer data that must match the engine and transmission control units to allow the BMW to start.

That nonsense of Access and Authorization, managing functions related to keyless entry, central locking, and the push-button start.


I swear, I’m tired of writing😢, I will continue badae!
Meanwhile, AND kindly, be doing extra research, as if it’s Me to benefit, …manyooko😁😜🤣!

Anyway,  You can also do some extra research to realize how FEM BDC system also helps to manage and distribute power to the various electronic components throughout the front of the vehicle, optimizing energy usage.  like controlling both interior and exterior lighting, Window and Door Control, Wiper and Wash System, Climate Control, Electrical Mirrors!


May be whatever is causing You believe MUST do some nonsense to the vehicle, is some minor external problem with the sensors or actuators🤷‍♂️!
So, this ujanja is how to check, verify all the control electronics in the vehicle, are in proper order!
click here

👇
IMMO OFF files
☝☝
click
These files to disable immobilizer system so the ecu accepts any random key used!

HAPA UJANJAtu, hii ndio jinsi ya kugundua, kupata na kupima componets za ECU, kisha suluhisha shida hiyo. inshaAllah👇
Click Here
bonyeza HAPA 

ECU cloning, duplicating or switching memory data’s,
flash memory data, EEPROM memory data, jogolize data,
HAPA UJANJA tu!
click HERE

WinOLS ni programu yenye uchawi wa kuwezesha kubadilisha, kurekebisha data iliyomo kwenye  ECU.
Ina maana unaeza kutoa/kuzima hizo mifumo zenye usumbufu kwenye gari, zikiwemo IMMOBILISER (kufanya immo off). kutoa DPF, EGR, ADblue, kubadili TURBO zenye umeme, yaaani inafanya kazi nyingi kama ECU tuning, uamuzi ni wako tu🤷‍♂️!
Click HERE

Ujanja wa EEPROM work ni muhimu, ukitaka kumbuka niaje,
…bonyeza HAPA UJANJA tu 


CHECKSUM nonsense

However whatever You’re dealing with digital Data!
It could be any type of file, video, EEPROM data, music, photos, pornography, whatever, insha’Allah🤞

This is how the data looks like, behind the scenes!


Wherever this data is stored or generated,

…in some way, this data may have to move between, through different locations!
Could in the same device, from a memory card to a screen’s buffer memory!

If You don’t wish to continue read nonsense,
click HERE to download
USELESS FILE CHECKSUM TOOLS



Could 👇be in a vehicle’s control systems from ECU’s, A, B, C, D, E, etc🤷‍♂️!

That data could be moving from JAMAICA to KENYA, GHANA,  BARBADOS, BOTSWANA , TRINIDAD, etc!
Continue to Imagine,  or just for example👇

As the data is moving from JAMAICA to KENYA, somewhere somehow, the ‘Babylon’ European colonialists edit or corrupt this data‘s message!

May be the data’s message from JAMAICA was;
“No goh drink liquor”,
but before reaching KENYA as it reached somewhere in England, the colonialists changed it to;
“Now goh drink liquor” !
You see how KENYA will instead, immediately  now go drink liquor, get drunk😁😂🤣, then the colonialists easily do their game🤷‍♂️!

Obviously ‘HAPA UJANJA tu‘ done to data by the colonialist, a.k.a Babylon🤣😂😁!
See how KENYA‘s now blinded, binded + bound & locked up🤷‍♂️!
Yaani 😁😂🤣recolonized, KENYA system messed up just because of the message’s data that was corrupted, by the ‘Babylon‘, seen🤔?

 


Alafu don’t just be silly🤣😂😁,  relate the ‘Babylon’ colonialists to any nonsense that could trouble the data, to cause errors  during transmission, storage, or processing, for example;
Network interruptions like a dropped or unstable internet or network connection!
Third-party interferences like the external software or hardware interfering with the data transfer process.
Could be faulty storage devices, as in, hardware’s or so🤷‍♂️!


Now, continue to imagine🤔, same story!

JAMAICA wants to send a message, 5021
To make sure that KENYA can realize if the data is or not changed, JAMAICA counts & adds all the digits!
The message could look like;
KENYA gets the message’s data, 5021, but verifies whether it adds up to 8!
This 8 is an example of a CHECKSUM!

So, a checksum is a small value derived from a larger block of digital data used to detect errors that may occur during transmission or storage, seen🤔?
The sender, JAMAICA, calculates a checksum from or using the original data, 5021, and sends it along with the data to the receiver, KENYA.

The receiver then performs the same calculation on the received data and compares the result to the original checksum!

 

If they don’t match, it indicates that the data has been corrupted by the ‘Babylon’😂😂🤪
Even if data, 5021, doesn’t come in order, but may be, 0251 or 1502, as long as checksum is valid, even if fake data😂🤣😜!

Remember, “a correct checksum doesn’t mean the data is correct“,  in other words, a matching checksum indicates a high probability that the data is error-free, but it is not a 100% guarantee🤷‍♂️!
Checksums are used to verify data integrity, that data has been received or stored correctly assuring NO errors, nor changes by the ‘Babylon’ colonialists!

 

NOT that the data is being hidden from the ‘Babylon’ colonialists!
Instead, Encryption is the ‘ujanja’ used to ensure data confidentiality, as in, to make data unreadable to the ‘Babylon’ ama any others along the way!
So, a checksum tells you if a file has changed,
while,
encryption prevents who can read the file in the first place.

If You don’t wish to continue read nonsense,
click HERE to download
USELESS FILE CHECKSUM TOOLS

CHECKSUM is NOT just about summing, adding numbers🤷‍♂️!

What if the data is NOT numbers?

For example:X) The President of the INDIAN OCEAN usually gives out envelopes with money!
Or…
Y)Tells His assistants to hand out the money envelopes!

How would a system verify if the correct money is handed out?
A “specific” given system that knows the specific weight, length X, width Y, of the money, could just do some magic, algorithm, to create a reference checksum of it’s own!
There are some standard, international CHECKSUM algorithms known as  hash functions, that are used to provide “standard checksums” for any file’s integrity verification!

Briefly, it’s that blaa bla of,
MD5 (Message Digest 5),
SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) family:
SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA-3, SHA-4, SHA-etc!
For example,
using the the standard color codes
👇For the same photo👇,
a standard CHECKSUM software used by someone in GHANA,
returns the same CHECKSUM results as that used by someone in BARBADOS,
for this same photo👇

👇
Along the way, should however tiny a dot be,
it changes the data setup in this photo,
and so a checksum error will be reported!

So is why anyone can randomly verify the validity of anything, using any random, but standard checksum tool🤷‍♂️

If You don’t wish to continue read nonsense,
click HERE to download
USELESS FILE CHECKSUM TOOLS

Coming back to control electronics,
different brands, manufacturers, use various proprietary, unique checksum algorithms that could be specific to the device, model or data block,
rather than a single, universal algorithm for every, BOSCH, DENSO, SIEMENS, NOKIA, SOZI, etc!

Any changes to the electronics’ memory require recalculating the checksum to match the new data.
The original checksum will not correspond with the altered data, which as explained above will leave the whatever ‘KENYA’ system locked up😁😂🤣!
To ensure the control unit functions correctly, a new checksum must be calculated after any modifications, aligning the checksum with the updated data. Seen?
When modifying a memory’s data, it’s crucial to avoid altering that data outside the designated checksum area, as this can interfere with external checksum calculations !
The exact CHECKSUM calculation rules are uniquely developed for for a specific, and non-standardized across all units.

So is why We accumulate and keep packing every CHEKSUM that there is🤷‍♂️!
These useless tools will alert you if you’re making changes outside these bounds, and it’s best to heed these warnings to prevent potential issues, seen🤔?
If a certain Control unit’s CHECKSUM magic is as shown👇,
NOT every control unit’s will be as so🤷‍♂️!
If a certain Control unit’s CHECKSUM magic is as shown, NOT every control unit’s will be as so!
Remember, it could be the other irrelevant software’s on your computer, or hardware’s like wires, lose sockets, etc, that causing You ‘checksum error’ nonsense🤷‍♂️!

Yes, ndiyo, excessive cable length, (along with poor quality or damaged cables), is a common cause of checksum errors

These  web based tools could be of use🤷‍♂️!
(click to test if you wish, jazkaAllah🤞)

MOJA

MBILI

TATU

NNE

TANO

SITA

SABA

NANE

TISA

KUMI

POMBE sio SIGARA


If You don’t wish to continue read nonsense,
click HERE to download
USELESS FILE CHECKSUM TOOLS


May be whatever is causing You believe MUST do some nonsense to the vehicle, is some minor external problem with the sensors or actuators🤷‍♂️!
So, this ujanja is how to check, verify all the control electronics in the vehicle, are in proper order!
click here

👇
IMMO OFF files
☝☝
click
These files to disable immobilizer system so the ecu accepts any random key used!

HAPA UJANJAtu, hii ndio jinsi ya kugundua, kupata na kupima componets za ECU, kisha suluhisha shida hiyo. inshaAllah👇
Click Here
bonyeza HAPA 

ECU cloning, duplicating or switching memory data’s,
flash memory data, EEPROM memory data, jogolize data,
HAPA UJANJA tu!
click HERE

WinOLS ni programu yenye uchawi wa kuwezesha kubadilisha, kurekebisha data iliyomo kwenye  ECU.
Ina maana unaeza kutoa/kuzima hizo mifumo zenye usumbufu kwenye gari, zikiwemo IMMOBILISER (kufanya immo off). kutoa DPF, EGR, ADblue, kubadili TURBO zenye umeme, yaaani inafanya kazi nyingi kama ECU tuning, uamuzi ni wako tu🤷‍♂️!
Click HERE

Ujanja wa EEPROM work ni muhimu, ukitaka kumbuka niaje,
…bonyeza HAPA UJANJA tu 


PNEUMATICS

Kuhusu hizi🤔 mifumo ya PNEUMATIC na HYDRAULIC, ok,
…kwanza, kusoma maandishi, maneno mengi kunaweza kuchosha,


…na sio kutia moyo, unapojifunza kitu, au kukumbuka ulichojua tayari!

Ukitaka, video👇 tumeweka chini!

Maandishi haya ni muhtasari tu, wa mambo muhimu!

Naamini umeona baadhi ya vifaa👇 hivi, vinavyofanya kazi, kiwandani, maeneo ya ujenzi, au haya magari makubwa yanayotumika kufanya kazi maalum!
👇

Picha hizo hapo juu, baadhi ya mashine ni za Pneumatics, na Hydraulics!

 

 

Unaona, jinsi mashine zote zina sehemu ya silinda, cylinder, kama namna hii👇
Ndani, kuna mkono, ambao unahitaji kutembea kutoka Y hadi X na, X hadi Y, kulingana, ili kazi iweze kufanywa na mashine hiyo!
Kusukuma, kufanya mkono huu kutembea, unaweza kumwaga ndani, kwa mfano, maji, au hewa, au mafuta yoyote, au kemikali fulani maalum, mradi tu inaweza kufanya kusukuma na au kuvuta mkono huo!

 

Kuna mathara, kulingana na kile kilichoingizwa kuweza kusukuma au kuvuuta huo mkono kutembea!
Unaweza kutumia kitu solid A, kama poda, unga, nk😜!
Kitu kioevu Liquid, B, kama maji, mafuta, oili, kikitumiwa, sasa huo ni uchawi wa HYDROLICS
Alafu, kitu gesi gas, C, kama hewa ya kawaida, kikitumiwa, huo ni uchawi wa PNEUMATICS!

 


Inaweza kuwa maji au hewa au mafuta, kutumiwa kusukuma au kuvuuta mkono uliopo D!
Siri ya HYDRAULICS na PNEUMATICS, ni kuelewa mfumo wa jinsi, hiyo hewa au oili kuhifadhiwa,
…pamoja na maelezo ya chochote kinachohusika katika njia ambayo hiyo hewa au oli huchukua kutoka A hadi D, na vinginevyo kurudi au kupotezwa, ukiwa mfumo ni wa hewa!
 

PNEUMATICS

(Bonyeza HAPA kwa ujanja wa HYDRAULICS)

 

Mifano ya mifumo za Pneumatics😎!

…setup, ama usanidi configuration kwa jumla, wa vifaa vinavyopatikana kwenye mfumo wa PNEUMATICS
👇

Hapa👇 uchawi wa PNEUMATICS ni mfumo wa Gas, C!
Inaweza kuwa  hewa ya kawaida, ama aina fulani nyingine ya aina ya gesi!Ujue tu kwamba pneumatics inashughulika na kitu ambacho chembe chembe zake zimetengana sana!

…ikilinganishwa na Liquid B, ya kwenye hydraulics, ambayo chembe chembe zake zinakaribiana!

 

Reservoir Tank
…mahali fulani pa kuweka hewa itakayotumika kusukuma mkono ndani ya silinda, ili kufanya kazi kwa ?Z
Wakati unashughulika na mifumo hizi za Pneumatics, tenki iweke akilini kila wakati, juu ni chanzo cha nguvu, nishati hiyo ambayo husaidia mfumo kufanya kazi!



Air Pump,  Air compressor

…kusaidia kuvuta hewa kutoka mahali popote nje, kisha kuisukuma hewa, yaani, kuipatia nguvu kwenda kutembeza ule mkono uliopo ndani ya silinda!

Mara nyingi ni hewa ya kawaida,
isipokuwa kama mfumo unatumia aina maalum ya gesi!

Kumbuka, kuna aina nyingi tofauti za pampu, kila moja inaonekana tofauti, na inaeza kuwekwa popote kulingana na mashine ambapo inafanya kazi!
Akilini mwako, weka tu pampu ili uikumbuke  unaposhughulika na mifumo ya nyumatiki


Kumbuka, mashine yoyote unayoshughulika nayo, inaweza kuwa na pampu zaidi ya moja!

Je, unafahamu ujanja kuhusiana hizi heavy duty pumps?
 click 👉 HAPA UJANJA tu!

Air Filter 

….kuondoa uchafu kwenye hiyo hewa imevutwa, kabla ya kuingia ndani ya tanki,

…au hata ikiwa mfumo huo hautumii tanki, inahitajika hewa safi!


 

Usichukulie kuwa kawaida, rahisi!
Kuwa mwangalifu kwasababu mifumo mingine ya Air Filter za kusafisha hewa, inaweza kuwa na vifaa vidogo vya umeme, vilivyofichwa ndani!


Tena🤷‍♀️, ukibonyeza HAPA, kuna ujanja wa namna kuchunguza, kupima Air Filter electronics, pamoja na sensors wenzake wengine wote, click HERE!



Q) Temperature, and or,  Pressure Sensor

…ili kufuatilia, pressa, au halijoto ya hewa hiyo ambayo imesukumwa na pampu!

”     

Temperature NA Pressure kuna namna, jinsi viangaliana, ndo maana sehemu kwenye kupima joto ama pressa, unaeza kuta kuna sensor za vipimo vyote viwili, ama moja yao! 

Kwenye baadhi ya mifumo, kuwa tayari kupata kitu cha kupima pressa, au halijoto ya hewa hiyo ambayo imesukumwa na pampu🤷‍♀️!
…vinaezakuwa hivi mita vya kawaida

Mifumo mingine inaweza kutumia vitambuzi, yaani sensors, ili kutuma taarifa kwa kompyuta, ECU,  kisha kompyuta kutuma data kwenye skrini dashboard ili kuonyesha
Ni simple🤔, kuwa tu na wazo katika akili yako, kwamba wakati wa kushughulika na mifumo hii ya Pneumatics, kuna kitambuzi, sensor au mita ya kuripoti pressa, na au, halijoto ya hiyo hewa inaozunguka kwenye mfumo!



Tena🤷‍♀️, ukibonyeza HAPA, kuna ujanja wa namna kuchunguza, kupima Pressure Sensor, Temperature Sensor, pamoja na sensors wenzake wengine wote, click HERE!


 

 

FRL (Filter, Relief-Valve, Lubricator)


Ni mfumo, kuboresha zaidi, hiyo hewa inatokea kwa tenki!

 


FRL filter F

Pamoja na kutoa uchafu, inatoa na maji!
Pressa inaeza kugeuza hewa kuwa maji!
Ndani kuna kifaa kinaitwa Air Drier, kufanya uchawi wa kutoa maji!

Kulingana na hali ya Pneumatics unayoshughulika nayo, ujue tu kuna iki ki drier, mahali fulani, just think bigger 😁😂🤣

 

Kwenye mifumo mingine, hii filter ya kwanza inaekuwa ndo peke yake!

 


Relief valve, R

….husaidia kudumisha, ku control, pressa ya hewa, kubaki ndani ya vipimo sahihi kama inavyotakiwa na mfumo!
….pressa ikzidi, ikiwa kubwa, baadhi ya hewa itaachiliwa nje.
Alafu, mfumo unalingana vifaa vilivyotumiwa…
…vingine vinaeza kuwa hivi vya kawaida!
Pressure ikizidi inasukuma Y kufunga na kufungua njiazingine

 

Ndiyo, hiyo Relief valve inaeza kuwa hizi za kawaida!
Inaeza kuwa Valve ya umeme yenye solenoid inashugulikiwa na control unit, kompyuta, ECU!
Je, unafahamu ujanja kuhusiana hizi SOLENOID’s?
 click 👉 HAPA UJANJA tu!

 

Lubricator, L

….ya kupuliza oil kwenye hewa!

Ok, ili kuzuia hewa isikwaruze friction na mabomba, kupuliza ka oili chache kwenye hewa kunasaidia🤔!…hewa inapotembea, inavuta matone fulani ya mafuta, oili, Y

X 👇ndo inaoleta hiyo oili!



 

 

 

Valves’ Body,

…ambapo hewa imefika, na kwa pressa ya juu!Hapa sasa ndipo hewa inapoelekezwa mahali pa kwenda, silinda ya kwenda, ili kusukuma au kuvuta ule mkono tulioanza nao, mwanzoni ya huu ujinga!
Kwa mfano, kuweza kusukuma mkono kutoka Y kwenda X, lazima mlango 1 ifunguliwe!
Obviously kutoka X kurudi Y mlango 2 lazima ufunguliwe

 

 

ONYO🧷
Ninatumia picha hii na zingine, kwa mfano tu! haimaanishi kifaa unachoona kwenye picha kinatumia hewa au mafuta!
After all, hata kama hydraulics au pneumatics, jinsi zinavyofanya kazi ni sawa, ya kufanana, tofauti pekee ni kwamba, mmoja Hydraulics anatumia mafuta au maji, mwingine Pneumatics anatumia hewa.
Sasa, nadhani una imagine D inavyovutwa au kusukumwa🤔?
Hiyo valve body imekaa namna 👇

Controllers

…ili kufungua njia ya 1 au 2,
Unaezatumia gears za kawaida…

 

…ama buttons,
…kufungua valve ya umeme yenye solenoid inashugulikiwa na control unit, kompyuta, ECU!
Je, unafahamu ujanja kuhusiana hizi SOLENOID’s?
 click 👉 HAPA UJANJA tu!

?Z

…ni chechote🤷‍♂️ kitafungua kwenye huo mkono⚓!

 

 



Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (kitabu)

Jinsi unasikia ‘nga, tofauti kuu kati ya magari ya umeme Electric Vehicles, na ya hybrid, ni kwamba magari ya umeme (EVs) yanatumisa tu umeme kabisa,
….wakati magari ya hybrid yanatumia injini ya kawaidi pamoja na motor ya umeme.

💊Hiki kitabu kipo katika lugha ya wenzetu, so tumia ujanja wa kutafsiri, kwa kupiga📸picha ya maadishi, alafu… 

HAPA UJANJA tu😜

Kitabu hiki kinaanza na utangulizi wa hizi blaa bla, kikijumuisha aina tofauti za gari la umeme, gharama na uzalishaji, na miundombinu ya kuchaji, kabla ya kuendelea kueleza jinsi magari ya umeme na hybrid yanavyofanya kazi.

Kitabu hiki pia kinashughulikia taratibu za matengenezo na ukarabati wa magari haya, ikiwa ni pamoja na kutafuta makosa, kuhudumia, kutengeneza na taarifa za mjibu wa kwanza, yaani emergency repairs!

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