You know combustion engine (X) used in vehicles😉?How it works, insha’Allah😳!
Whatever magic that happens, rotates the tyres(T) to move the vehicle👩🦽!
Imagine, instead, just put a motor (M) to rotate the tyre🤷♀️!There a billion reasons why (then) to just use a motor (M) to rotate the tyre (T) was illusional😉!Infrastructure, the roads being bad!
The technology was “bad”, it could not offer the range, speed, affordability, maneuverability that the usual internal combustion Engine offered!The motor technology would be adapted to just compliment the IC-engine🧘♂️!
That’s the HYBRID nonsense!
A hybrid drivetrain combines (E) a conventional Internal Combustion Engine (IC-engine) with (M) an electric motor to optimize fuel efficiency and performance🧬!There are different HYBRID configurations,
how motor (M) & IC-engine (E) compliment each other✌!
First🤔try to imagine our Motor(M) and IC-engine(E)🧐!Continue imagining some ‘special something‘ used in hybrid vehicles to manage power distribution between an IC-engine (E) and electric motor/generators (M)😎!
This ‘special something‘ is known as the PSD, which means a power split device (PSD) that enables seamless switching between (M) and (E) or both🏋️♂️!
Insha’Allah,
may these words not confuse You🚧
MHEV , HEV, PHEV, REX, EREV, SOZI
MHEV
(Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
A mild hybrid is a type of hybrid vehicle that uses a small electric motor to assist an internal combustion engine (ICE)🦽!
A small electric generator is installed in place of a traditional starter motor and alternator😉.
This allows fuel-intensive activities, like rapid acceleration or restarting after a stop, to be supported by power from the generator🏋️♂️!
The electric motor is NOT connected anywhere to directly (solely) rotate tyre (T)!
Using this illustration to unconfuse & confuse You with these other terms, HEV, PHEV, REX, EREV, SOZI
HEV
(Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
This a full Hybrid! Both the IC-engine (E) and Motor (M) can, each, solely or together, rotate (T) tyres to drive the vehicle🦽!
The IC-engine could be moving the vehicle alone, while charging the Motor’s HV-battery🤷♂️!
As long as the battery has optimum ‘juice’, the motor then solely drives the vehicle👩🦽!Just like You would connect batteries,
in series or parallel🚧,Whenever necessary to maximize efficiency and performance,
like during Heavy acceleration, climbing hills, or high-load conditions, both the IC-engine & Motor could team up to move the vehicle👩🦽!
PHEV
(Plug–in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
This type of hybrid, PHEV, just has a larger battery than standard hybrids (HEV)! PHEV allow for more of pure electric driving🧐! Battery (B) is larger, keeps more ‘juice’ to enable motor (M) drive the vehicle for longer🚙!PHEVs must be plugged in to an external power source to maximize efficiency👌! PHEVs automatically manage power, prioritize electric mode until the battery is low, then seamlessly switch to hybrid mode (IC-engine + electric)👩🦽!
EREV
(Extended–Range Electric Vehicle)
A type of battery-electric vehicle (BEV) that uses a small internal combustion engine solely as an onboard generator to recharge the battery🏋️♂️!
The small IC-engine never drives the wheels directly🤷♀️!REx
(Range Extender)
“Rex” (or REx) is simply the abbreviation for the “Range Extender” engine/generator unit itself😜!This EREV is equipped with a,
small, auxiliary IC-engine that acts solely as a generator to recharge the battery while driving👩🦽! Unlike traditional plug-in hybrids, the REx engine never drives the wheels directly; it only powers an electric generator, eliminating range anxiety while keeping the vehicle in electric-only mode🔌!
Batteries (B) & (2B)
Know that there are different Battery technologies, like of Lithium-ion (Li-ion), Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH), Lead-Acid, Sodium-ion, solid-state, Sozion, etc😜, all offer varying energy densities and performance levels✌!
How the batteries work & everything, insha’Allah😜!
ClickHere …for that setup with sensors, ECU, actuators, etc! How they work, testing, troubleshooting, etc🩺!
LOW–voltage battery (2B)
Besides the high-voltage battery (B) to run the motor (M), a Hybrid vehicle ‘could’ have some low–voltage battery (2B) that powers low–voltage electronics, such as lights, infotainment, dashboard displays, and certain sensors📴!
Its most critical function is to.. ..activate the high–voltage relay system and control modules.. …that allow the high-voltage battery to start, then propel the vehicle👩🦽!
📌Don’t forget this LOW-voltage battery in a Hybrid📌
🍺At start-up, it initializes the computer systems and closes the relays (main contactors) that connect the high-voltage battery to the drivetrain👌!
🍻It powers accessories, lights, radio, windows, climate control like when the main system is in “Ready” mode😎!
🍺🍻It’s used for Passive Safety/Security, like to operate the locks, alarm, and key fob sensors , etc!
Yes, it supports the management and monitoring of the main high-voltage battery🤷♂️!
Use the same ‘ujanja’ about relays!
ClickHere …for that setup with sensors, ECU, actuators, etc! How they work, testing, troubleshooting, etc🩺!
Be a ‘mjanja’ while troubleshooting these relays🤪!
Remember🥂
📌Unlike conventional cars, the LOW–voltage battery in a hybrid does not need to turn over a starter motor, allowing it to be smaller, although it still serves the same basic activation functions🧘♂️!
📌Instead of an alternator, the LOW–voltage battery is charged by the HIGH–voltage battery through a DC-DC converter🔌!
📌The LOW–voltage battery can still go dead if the vehicle sits for a long time, preventing the high-voltage system from waking up, seen🤔?
HIGH–voltage battery (B)
Remember, there’s different Battery technolgy👌!
Whichever technology a hybrid vehicle manufacturer finds as suitable, they…
…they produce several cells (tiny batteries)
These tiny (B0) batteries (cells) are then connected together to form amodule (B1), which many modules are also further stacked to form that (B2) stack😜🤪these stacks then form HIGH–voltage (B) battery😁😁!
ClickHere …for that setup with sensors, ECU, actuators, etc! How they work, testing, troubleshooting, etc🩺!
I’m sure the nonsense of a batteries’ parallel, serial connections makes sense to You🩺!
I pray, insha’Allah, as You interrogate🩺whatever nonsense could be with the battery, you follow up whatever connections are, up to as kernel as the cells’ connections🧷!
Through inlets/outlets (O) whatever coolant is circulated into around the battery packs🍻🩺!
As You interrogate🩺 whatever nonsense be with the battery, be ready to deal with temperature sensors!
There could be several Temperature Sensors, per cell, per module, per stack, or some
general, overall battery temperature sensors!If you’re interested in some nonsense about Temperature sensors‘ parameters🩺
Obviously, the current, voltage, of the HV battery must be monitored🤷♂️!
Just be open-minded, depending on the Battery’s complexity, the monitoring could be per, cell, module, stack, or general Battery🤷♂️! If you’re not sure how to test, where to test, what to test, when to test, why to…
ClickHere …for that setup with sensors, ECU, actuators, etc! How they work, testing, troubleshooting, etc🩺!
Whatever monitored parameters,
current, voltage, temperature, sozi, is reported to the Battery’s centralElectronic Control Unit (ECU)💻! There could be some LOCAL electronic control units, per cell, per module, per stack, depending on how complicated the HV-battery could be, insha’Allah☝!The HV–Battery’s ECU, shares the, Temperature, Current, Voltage, and other parameters with other control units including the, DISPLAY and INVERTER / CONVERTER🥂!
📌The HV–Battery‘s ECUuses the parameters to manage the battery‘s modules & stacks, switch them ON or OFF whenever necessary🤷♂️!
📌That State of Charge (SoC) blaa bla is like the ‘fuel gauge’, it indicates the HV–battery’s current energy level🩺!
📌State of Health (SoH) is the measure of the HV–battery‘s long–term condition and capacity degradation compared to when it was new😉!
SoC is a short-term, always variable measurement (current charge),
whereas, SoH is a long-term, irreversible metric representing battery aging🦽!
A hybrid battery disconnect plug (or service plug🔌switch) is some safety sh*t used to isolate the high–voltage battery from the rest of the vehicle system, crucial for safe servicing,repairs🩺!
Typically, on most hybrid vehicles, this plug is of orange color,
and usually, located under the rear seat or trunk/boot area🧐!
This sh*t must be removed and secured, then You drink a 🍺as You wait sh*t to discharge, before working on high-voltage components😜😁!
INVERTER / CONVERTER (Z)
Remember, the electric motor (M) used use to turn tyre (T) is a AC motor, using Alternating Current🔌!
Insha’Allah, for whatever reasons why the AC–motor is preferable for use in Hybrid‘s🤷♂️!
For example, AC motors are more efficient, durable, and capable of generating high torque over a wide speed range compared to DC motors🤷♂️!
In other words, AC motors produce high, immediate torque and manage the variable power demands of driving compared to DC alternatives😎!
ClickHere …for that setup with sensors, ECU, actuators, etc! How they work, testing, troubleshooting, etc🩺!
Our HV–battery(B) stores DC power!
So the power inverter (Z) converts the DC power to AC power, for the efficient motor (M) operation🔌!
Sasa, before We dismantle (Z) the Inverter / Converter‘s internal components, for it’s reverse function, this is what happens🤪😜 in reverse!
When the driver lifts off the accelerator or presses the brake pedal, the same or other dedicated electric motor (G) reverses function, acting as a generator (G)😲!
This process creates some magnetic drag, which slows the vehicle down🏋️♂️!
All the nonsense about motors,
ClickHere …for that setup with sensors, ECU, actuators, etc! How they work, testing, troubleshooting, etc🩺!
The inverter / converter (Z) is vital for controlling AC motor speeds and converting DC battery power, which requires it to be located somewhere within the high–voltage system loop🧘♂️!
Even if🤔, …many hybrid vehicles house the inverter (Z) converter under the hood (bonnet) for whatever reasons including efficient cooling and proximity to the motor,
..this thing (Z) can be located in other locations depending on the manufacturer and vehicle design, hakuna matata🤷♀️!
These things (Z) inverters don’t all look like the same, they just have have a standard (same) functions‘ setup🩺!
Insha’Allah, wherever You find it located🤷♂️;
📌Towards the rear of the vehicle, near the high-voltage battery pack🧐!
📌Integrated, ama, mounted directly on top of or next to the transaxle to reduce high-voltage cabling length🔌!
Sh*t could be under the Vehicle as to manage space in the engine bay🤷♂️!
In fact, in some specific models or custom applications (like campers), the inverter/converter may be located in the trunk or behind interior panels😜!
Lets categorize this thing (Z) then narrate it section by section, bomboclat😁😁!
INVERTER / CONVETER COOLING‘s(O) Whatever magic the converter / inverter does, involves heat generation, and so is why there entry points (O) to circulate whatever coolant🍻🍺!The Temperature of the inverter (Z) converter has to be monitored, so don’t forget considering 🩺whatever Temperature sensor👌!
If you’re interested in some nonsense about Temperature sensors‘ parameters🩺
Dismantling this thing (Z) with the upper half of the housing removed and placed beside it🧐!
Expect the circuit board to be multilayered with; power regulation electronics, MG microprocessors, a boost converter microprocessor, integrated circuits (ICs) for MG speed/position detection, hardware for vehicle communication, voltage Temperature current measurements, safety interlock devices, and so much other nonsense😁😜!
There could be hardware to prevent faults and overlapping, as well as voltage, current, and temperature sensing circuitry for each insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)😲!
Expect to deal 🩺with controller and driver circuitry for DC–DC converters and inverters😎!You will see such DC, motor, and generator connection terminals🤷♀️!
There is that compartment containing compressor inverter and 12V DC-DC converter👌!
Some sh*t be containing inductor, capacitors, and dc-dc converter😁😜!
DON’T BE SCARED😜😁🤪!
While troubleshooting these circuit boards, use the similar ‘ujanja’ as we used for ECU’s🤷♀️!
Don’t forget about the whatever capacitors that attenuate voltage transients and whatever surges associated with the build-up and collapse of the energy stored in the the inductors!
For example, the large, heavy capacitor is crucial for stabilizing electrical power, filtering noise, and managing high-demand loads📚!
In fact, it is a temporary energy reservoir to bridge the gap between DC sources (solar/battery) and AC output🤷♂️!
There are those other capacitors, like in that nonsense whereby as the duty cycle is varied, the output voltage of the inductor also varies stupidly🤪😜😁!
Sasa, due to these inherent voltage ripples and obviously (but potentially) High Voltages produced by the collapsing inductor field🧐!
Naam, You see how these capacitors serve to stabilize the battery voltage and DC–link voltage as well as protect (Z) devices from potential over-voltage conditions🤷♂️!
There those Boost converter modules😲!
DON’T BE SCARED😜😁🤪!
While troubleshooting these circuit boards, use the similar ‘ujanja’ as we used for ECU’s🤷♀️!
Kindly, don’t just cram these setups😜🤪😁! These things vary with different hybrid vehicles, this 5021tips nonsense isjust giving You some perspective of ‘wah gwaan’, seen🤔? 😜🤪😁😜 Let me even stop here,
NOT to confuse You further😜😁!
There is this book here about if you’re interested in going through all the deep deep details of about the hybrid converters / inverters🤷♀️!
Otherwise such writings could also be youseful, jazaka’Allah✌
Hybrid Vehicle Powertrain Systems combine conventional powertrain components, an internal combustion engine and transmission, with new electric components, electric motor, power electronics and high voltage energy storage, such as a battery.
So this from TOYOTA engineeris to help you know how to perform the necessary maintenance, service, and repair procedureson hybrid cars!
Note📌
This is NOT about Engine (nor complete vehicle) immobilization👌! Although some component protection nonsense could ‘kinda’ immobilize the vehicle🤪!
These (S,O,Z) are the same, but just look similar😉! If truck (S) has a problem🩺,
You could ‘Chaga‘ 🤐 ‘Kikuyu‘ a spare part off, from (O and or Z) can 🩺repair (S)🤷♀️!
😜By the way📚,
‘Chaga‘ and ‘Kikuyu‘ are technical words for the pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism that causes pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis of having longer hands😂🤣 that reach beyond limits🤐!
Any way, because(S, O, Z) are the same, a part from either can be used on either (S, O, Z)🤷♀️!Component protection (or security) is to prevent,
or control, any uncontrollable (Chaga, Kikuyu) moving of parts from either (S, O, Z)🚧!
DotDNA 🧬data😎
Continue to imagine✌!
To control (prevent) any of these trucks’ parts from being freely moved👌,For example, Truck (S)👇!Spray Truck (S) with ‘Baganda‘ witchcraft water😲!
Every part on truck (S) sprayed with ‘Baganda‘😳!This ‘Baganda‘ witchcraft water is the; DotDNA 🧬data😎!
DotDNA🧬 data is an advanced asset identification systemusing microscopic, uniquely 💻coded polyester dots mixed in some clear adhesive with a UV marker😲!
When applied to items, for example, our truck (S),
this DotDNA🧬data is some invisible, encrypted dots!
You can’t just see these dotswith Your naked eyes,
or may be use some kind-of magnifying 🔍anything!But even if You see these dots’ (data)🤐,This DotDNA🧬data is registered to a secure database, to match with the registered owner’s information🤠!
Like, if (S) suspects (Z) to have stolen it’s part😜!
Whatever DotDNA🧬data scanning tool, is taken to scan (Z), on that suspected, stolen part👌!You see how this DotDNA🧬data ‘Baganda‘ witchcraft allows to easily identify and recover stolen goods, significantly reducing ‘Chaga‘ and ‘Kikuyu‘ pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism that causes pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis of having longer hands😂🤣 that reach beyond limits🤐!
See🤔? This passive anti-theft system may NOT immobilize the Engine, but it deters vehicle theft, and aids in the recovery of stolen parts🤷♂️!
For Components protection,
Before, We poured (used) sprayed) liquid data😎!
Now, We use digital Data🤪!
Start imagine the random electronics in a vehicle😉!
Still, imagine random vehicle’s control system📌!
The Control electronics tend to have some central control modulelinking, connecting with other electronics👌!
For example;
👇Here, its module (R) that is mostly central 😉!
👇Here, its module (L) that is central to most😎!
👇Here, its (D) module that is central, coordinating🩺! Please don’t think, don’t imagine, about the usual Key’s Engine Immobilizer system🤐!
Just imagine random electronics in a vehicle🤪!
You know EEPROMs do the digital data in Electronics!Remember our vehicles (S, O, Z)🤔?
Put a chip (EEPROM) in every component needed to be secured🤷♂️!
EEPROM has specific digital data of each truck🤷♂️!Remember, these electronics have a central module (D) that is coordinating them😎!
For example😉! For (S) to work properly, it has to be allowed, or, coordinated by the central module (D)👌!
Remember, We put an EEPROM in each vehicle’s component We want protect👌!
The EEPROM in (S) must have the correct details of the truck🤷♂️!
The central module (D) has the exact details that must be in the EEPROM (digital data) inside component (S)! Meaning, if (S) is different, changed,
it will NOT be allowed to work😢!
You’ve seen certain ‘ujinga’ foolishness happens on You (just) replace certain vehicle‘ electronics😢?
Whatever part installed😳; Could be having digital data of a different vehicle,
OR, Doesn’t have any digital data (virgin) and waiting to be programmed with that vehicle’s data🚧!
HAPA UJANJA tu😳!
Using an Example of 👇a Vehicle’s protected this👇!
Assuming😳; O) The original partOLIJINO (O) with original data (O) is damaged😉! Y) The used spareYUZIIDI (Y) has different data (Y) of another car😲!
Remember, every ‘ujanja’ could be playing about with the contents in EEPROM ‘mjinga huyu hapa’😂🤣!
Different vehicles protect different electronics🤐!If You’re not able to access theOLIJINO (O) original part so as to switch data💻!
Manufacturers have online backup for You🩺!Visit their website using a proper tool, as long as the electronics you want adapt is NOT yet blacklisted as stolen🤣😂!
But remember, the central (D) coordinating module has a copy of the original data, so🤪?
HAPA UJANJA tu🍻 Some stupid demonstrations in this useless video👇!
May be whatever is causing You believe MUST do some nonsense to the vehicle, is some minor external problem with the sensors or actuators🤷♂️!
WinOLS ni programu yenye uchawi wa kuwezesha kubadilisha, kurekebisha data iliyomo kwenye ECU.
Ina maana unaeza kutoa/kuzima hizo mifumo zenye usumbufu kwenye gari, zikiwemo IMMOBILISER (kufanya immo off). kutoa DPF, EGR, ADblue, kubadili TURBO zenye umeme, yaaani inafanya kazi nyingi kama ECU tuning, uamuzi ni wako tu🤷♂️!
USB (Universal Serial Bus) ni uchawi kuunganisha vifaa vya elektroniki, na kuviruhusu kuwasiliana, ama, na kusambaziana umeme!
Kama maana ya neno lenyewe, UNIVERSAL, USB ilikusudiwa kuchukua nafasi ya viunganishi vya aina mbali mbali, vilivyokuwepo kwenye kompyuta!SERIAL, kwa mfano, ni kama filamu kubwa, ndefu, iliyotolewa mfululizo, selizi🤪tamsiria, yaani inaonewshwa kwa vipandi nusu nusu, series, lakini mwishoe inakamilika yoote🤣😂! BUS, ni kama basi la abiria, mnakuwa wengi mnaelekea njia hiyo moja!
Vinginevyo, kila mmoja angekuwa anaendesha gari lake, bara bara zinajazana msongamano wa magari megi, ambao ndo waya ama cable nyingi, na ukubwa! USB Type A
USB, type-A, ndiyo msingi wa uchawi wa USB😎!
Type-A inatambulika zaidi kwa umbo lake tambarare, yaani very flat.
Hutoa umeme, pamoja na data. Pin 1: Red (nyekundu) VCC (+5V Power) Pin 2: White (nyeupe) – D- (Data Minus) Pin 3: Green (kijani)- D+ (Data Plus) Pin 4: Black 😉(nyeusi) – GND (Ground)
USB type-Aina viwango mbalimbali,
ikiwa ni pamoja na USB 2.0, USB 3.0, na USB 3.2, nk, kwa kulingana kasi na ufanisi wa kazi.
USB, type-A, inaweza kupatikana katika ukubwa, upana tofauti, Standard, Mini, na Micro! USB,Type B, zaidi ya jinsi inavyoonekana, hakuna kitu kingine chochote cha kupoteza muda wako nacho! In fact, ngoja nirahisishe kila kitu🤷♀️! 0) Ni Type-A ambao tumeona! 1) Ni Type-B 2, 3, 4, 5, nk) Ni miundo mbali mabli za aina hii type-B🤷♀️!
Katika muunganisho wa kawaida wa USB, sii ni kompyuta ndo kusimamia vifaa vingine (kama vile simu, printa, nk)!
Sasa, uchawi wa USB On-The-Go (OTG) ni kuwezesha kifaa chochote kuwa bosi🤠! Pini ya OTG ID, ndo kuwezesha huo uchawi!
Kifaa, ilikiwe BOSI (host) , pin4 yacho, lazima ipate GND ya pin 5🍻!
HAPA UJANJA tu📚!
Type C
Jinsi ilivyotokea, muundo mpya wa USB unakuja kuchukua nafasi ya miundo yote ya awali!
Sasa, hii type-C ilikuja kuchukua nafasi ya yote hayo, akina type B, type A, na kufanya kazi bora na za kina zaidi!Type-C inafanya mambo mengi⚓🔑 Sio kwamba nyaya zote za USB-C zinaundwa sawa; kazi halisi hutegemea ni uchawi gani maalum (kama, USB 3.2, Thunderbolt, DisplayPort Alt Mode, USB PD) kazi ambazo vifaa na kebo zilizounganishwa zimeundwa kusaidia. Unapaswa kuangalia vipimo vya bidhaa au kutafuta nembo za uthibitishaji ili kuhakikisha kebo inakidhi mahitaji yao. Kebo inaweza kutengenezwa (kiujinga, sio ujanja) ili ionekane tu kama kwamba ina miunganisho mingi, lakini ni nyaya chache tu zilizounganishwa📴! sio sahihi, kwa kutazama 🧐tu waya, udhani zote ni sawa😁!
Mtu anaweza kuamua vinginevyo, kutengeneza kebo maalum inayofanya kazi kwenye kifa chake alichotengeneza, yaani waya iwe tofauti na kiwango kinachokubalika.
Unasikia wengine wakisema ni waya zao tu zinazofanya katika mashine zao!
Kumbuka kwamba data hutenganishwa katika njia ya USB, yaani, katika mfululizo🤠.
So, daima kuna kitu kama EEPROM (IC, chip) Driver ama microController, kifaa cha kutafsiri, kuunganisha data yote inayotumwa kupitia USB, ili iwe na maana kwa moduli zingine!
By the way, ukitaka ule ujinga kugundua, upimaji, taka taka yote jinsi vidude mbali mbali kwenye maza bodi, pamoja na jinsi vinafanya kazi, usibonyezeHAPA, but clickhere!
HAPA UJANJA tu🤞
May be whatever is causing You believe MUST do some nonsense to the vehicle, is some minor external problem with the sensors or actuators🤷♂️!
WinOLS ni programu yenye uchawi wa kuwezesha kubadilisha, kurekebisha data iliyomo kwenye ECU.
Ina maana unaeza kutoa/kuzima hizo mifumo zenye usumbufu kwenye gari, zikiwemo IMMOBILISER (kufanya immo off). kutoa DPF, EGR, ADblue, kubadili TURBO zenye umeme, yaaani inafanya kazi nyingi kama ECU tuning, uamuzi ni wako tu🤷♂️!
As BMW’s becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ujinga!
This is about BMW Keys (immobilizer systems), and related Control Units (ECU)!
For longer, exorbitant, ujanja aboutkeys, including how to reset (virginize) systems to accept the first key used after being virginized, or how to forever disable or immo off to always accept any keys used! clickhere
We compile ECU PINOUTS for every all BMW ECU’s, Electronic Control Units!
These are BMW’s details of about which pin on the ECU connector, specific function, (e.g., ground, power, sensor input, actuator output) carried by each pin.
These BMW’ diagrams help you identify if a problem is with a sensor, a wiring harness or the ECU itself,
Yes, as You know, the immobilizer or anti-theft system verifies that the key used to turn the engine on is the correct one.
If the key is not the correct one, this system blocks different actions to prevent the car from starting, seen🤔?
The car’s computer will disable, the fuel pump, gears’ transmission, the ignition coil and/or the injectors, and depending on the electronic immobilizer system, it could also block the steering column which will lock the steering wheel.
When this system is activated, a warning light such as👇 will turn on!
This is JUST summarizing random points about BMW keys, for longer extreme details, check ☝☝check hapo juu! All that mambo jambo, transponders, readers’ coils, immu immo, this that box, everything uko☝☝!
(We’re disorganized, and so are these👇summaries) Some useless PDF documents are attached below the page!
ONYO📌
MINI, ROLLS-ROYCE, SOZI, and may be some others We don’t know, have some ‘zigzag’ relationship with BMW!
So, You could find some carry-over technology, seen? BMW’s immobilizer systems, evolve from the original ‘Hakuna Matata’ just Drive Away Protection, through EWS, CAS, to these still evolving modern Frontal Electronics Module (FEM) and Body Domain Controller (BDC). (BMW’s immobilizer systems could be intra-split into several versions of within a version🧐)
NOTE🚨, BMW immobilizer systems can differ by market for the same model, due to varying security regulations and other blaa bla like insurance requirements!
So, the BMW immobilizer versions’ vehicles’ applications can be confusing, just like this statement😂🤣!
For example, these👇 vehicles, S, O, Z, I, all could be looking similar, same brand’s model, BUT… S could be having EWS – 5 designed for the JAMAICA market! O could be having CAS – 0 designed for the GHANA market! Z could be having EWS – 2 designed for the KENYA market! I could be having CAS- 1 designed for the BARBADOS…
So, it’s risky to assume, that, just because Slooks like O, so they have the same BMW’s immobilizer ujinga, seen🤔?
The BDC, FEM, CAS, blaa bla confusing long story, is at the bottom 👇
This is how, the story of BMW immo evolution goes…
Imagine a LOCK box, needing a password to OPEN🤔! X, is a usual key with NO magic! Y, is a password ‘something’! OBC, is a Onboard Computer to validate passwords put in, at Y !
Yes, continue imagining🧐!
In this👇 picture below, …a signal must move from S to I so that the engine can work!
This signal is blocked at O! Only if you input a correct password, the signal can be allowed to continue to Z, eventually to I🤷♀️! Now stop imagining😁,
This is how the BMW engine immobilizer ‘ujanja’ started🤷♀️!
If the authentic owner didn’t want secure their BMW with this password ‘zig zag’, they would deactivate the OBC so that the signal connects straight from, S, O, Z, I 🤷♀️!
If some ‘mjanja’, the unauthentic owner wanted to connect the signal from S, they would just cut, O, off the OBC, to Z, then.. 🤷♀️!
You realize how using ‘HAPA UJANJA tu‘ this BMW would just easily be taken🤷♂️stolen!
The BMW team had to wake up, start a continuous campaign to always update, dilute their ‘ujinga’ with more ‘ujanja’ 😁😜🤣!
BMW started calling their first ‘ujanja’ as EWS, which is, Elektronische WegfahrSperre (System), in their Masai language,
but translates to Electronic Immobilizer System in the jaLUO😎 language! So, with BMW, when it’s mentioned, EWS or EIS, it could be about the same nonsense, seen?
EWS1
Below, You see👇 how it would be so ‘mechanical’ & boring for the authentic owner to start their BMW’s engine? And, …it was very easy for unauthentic owner to just connect O to Z then drive away!
So, BMW started upgrading this ‘ujinga’, beginning with EWS1
This EWS1 consisted;
👇
F) The previous☝ ‘ujinga’ was still maintained, to control relayC, via F, the OBC!
Z) Extra ‘ujanja’ was added, that only using the correct mechanical key, Z,to lock or unlock the BMW door, would push some switch connected to the EWS1 module, B, and so indirectly enable or disable the relay, C, that interrupted the starter circuit.
J)Automatic transmission vehicles could be started only in selector lever position P/N.
A) Because the system’s deactivation happens (mechanically) through the door lock barrels, a ‘mjanja’ just uses force to hack this, B, the EWS1 system 🤷♂️!
EWS1 became ‘ujinga’, so BMW came up with EWS2!
EWS2
EWS2 was to improve or elimate the ‘ujinga’ on EWS1!
ONYO🚨 There could have been many versions of EWS2 that were tried, BUT, in general, this was EWS2‘s nonsense!
👇
F) The previous ‘previous ujinga’ was still maintained, to control relay C, via F, the OBC!
Z) The previous ‘ujinga’, that only using the correct key, Z, to lock or unlock the BMW door, would now indirectly enable or disable some other security function!
J)Automatic transmission vehicles could be started only in selector lever position P/N.
1)A unique transponder chip was put into Z, the key!
E)The engine’s ECU, computer, E, would now also be involved!
2) The Ring antenna at ignition lock, A, would read & write data, 4, from & to key Z’s transponder chip, 1!
3) The Transceiver module for data exchange would translate for EWS module, B, whatever data, 4, from 1, the transponder chip in the key, Z!
Kindly, let me NOT waste my ‘beer time’ explaining what magic happens, from 1 to 2, 3, for 4 to reach B, the EWS module!
B)EWS control module verifies whether data, 4, is from the correct key, Z! 5) The details of the ECU, E, must be known to B! It could be the serial number or some other unique details of the ECU that MUST first be registered, adapted to B, otherwise engine won’t start!
6) Using the serial number registered at 5, the EWS2 module, B, uses this to generate some rolling codes that must be sent and saved in the ECU!
The ECU would later use this code to verify the validity of the EWS2 module that verified the key, before the ECU allows the engine to start!
Long story? 😜😁🤣 maneno mengi?
Again😎, NO, I’m NOT wasting my ‘beer time’ explaining this kind of rolling code nonsense, still ClickHERE for the deep nonsense on how jumping codes do sh*t!
Back to our EWS2 story! This is a summary of what happens in order to start the BMW engine!
👇👇 4) The key immo data, 4, in the transponder chip, 1, is read out via the ring antenna, 2, at the ignition switch, A, into the transceiver module, 3!
3) The transceiver module, 3, translates, cleans, then transfers the key data, 4, via a bidirectional data cable to the EWS2, B!
B) The EWS control unitchecks the correctness of the key data, 4, and only then sends an enable signal to the ECU, E, and the starter, D!
4) After the engine start, the EWS control unit generates new key data (variable rolling code) and sends it back to the transponder chip in the key.
6) The enable code, 6, that is generated by the EWS2 module, using the ISN ama serial number of the ECU, then sent and stored in the ECU!
During the next engine start procedure, the next number sent by the ES2 module MUST (may) be of a counter’s incremented by 1, or matching to some rolling code algorithm, seen🤔? May be X☝ was the previous code,
the current code, Y, could be 1/2 (half) of the previous code, X! The next code Z, could be Y + 2 😁🤪🤪 whatever that confusing rolling code ‘ujinga’!
Continuing with this EWS2 nonsense..
Yes, after the engine start is allowed,
EWS2 module and ECU change or update to a newer code to agree on to use for next engine start, right🤔?
Sasa, imagine a situation when the engine is stalled immediately just after starting🧐!
It could be caused by, like a problem to do with with no fuel, or could be a drunk driver, kids playing with this BMW by turning the key START then OFF, again START then OFF…. again and again niaga again niaga😁😜🤣!
In such situation, You notice that the EWS2 module recognizes the engine start, then increases & generates a newer rolling code counter🤔?
But because the ECU was busy with the engine start procedure (full utilization of the processor ) that the ECU kinda fails to update & store the updated rolling code that the EWS2 module generated!
If this ‘ujinga’ happens for more than 5 starts, that the code the EWS2 sends fails to match to what the ECU expected, the ECU will refuse to start the engine🤷♀️!
In this case, it is necessary to perform EWS/ECU matching via the diagnostic interface.
5) As part of this procedure, 5, the ECU transfers and stores it’s ISN in the EWS control unit. 6) The two counters are also reset to some new coding to agree on next!
7) With the aim of protecting the starter, the ECU transfers the engine speed signal and other parameters to disable the relay, C!
This EWS2 blaa bla is more like the common immobilizer system, BUT, with a rolling code!
Usual components, immobilizer ECU (immo box), Transponder in the key, kama kawa🤷♀️!
EWS 3, and ++
Because there so many (minor) versions’ variations of within EWS3, so to save my ‘beer time’, I may be writing as EWS3++ to mean all other versions of EWS3, seen?
Remember 👇the EWS2 🤔? Sasa, EWS3 👇 has same nonsense like EWS2 ☝!
BUT…
Unlike before☝ with, 3, in EWS2, …the EWS3 👇 no longer has a separate transceiver, 3!
Gateway module, K, was also introduced! The EWS3 now reads in the key data from the transponder chip directly via the ring antenna.
Some major version of EWS3is theEWS3.3 👇
EWS3.3 has a different matching procedures between the EWS and ECU.
The details of the EWS, and some other data of that BMW, would now instead be written to the ECU!6) This ‘engine-start’ enable code contains information on the EWS control unit that is compared with the already programmed information in the ECU.
If the sent data is OK, then ‘Hakuna Matata’ the ECU allows the engine to start!
Note: Just changing, swapping the control unit from another vehicle would no longer be possible.
EWS4
Imagine the EWS3 set up🤔, but with the modules’ EEPROMs, memories biased to keeping the EWS or ECU data, only once, and only one specific BMW’s data can be kept in a specific module!
All being kinda (selfishly) managed by BMW🤷♀️!
Note: Just changing, swapping the control unit from another vehicle is just only possible at midnight, only🧐.
CAS
CAS, means Car Access System!
In summary, imagine all the functions of the, EWS, DWA, and some other Gateway module’s functions, all bundled in the CAS module🤷♂️!
Including, key authentication, immobilizer control, central locking, start/stop button coordination, and etc! There are millions of CAS versions, but all be playing about the same ‘ujinga’, using different components & algorithms!
For example☝, 1Z was the key used in early versions of CAS, then 2Z, 3Z which is even used in the recent FEM nonsense as We shall keep on informing You!
In general, the CAS module performs;
…the Key authentication to verify the identity of the key using encrypted signals before allowing the car to start.
…the Immobilizer activation where it disables the engine if an unauthorized key is detected.
…the Central locking function that manages the locking and unlocking functions of the vehicle.
…the Start/stop button coordination to ensure the seamless operation of the ignition process for BMW’s with a push-button start.
…the Gateway function of being between different data buses, controlling the status of electrical systems, also …communicating with other systems to synchronize vehicle functions and authorize the start sequence.
..and obviously the CAS stores the coding that defines the BMW’s features and functions.
Using this CAS3 setup, for example! So many other systems’ modules attached to the CAS module! Together with the ECU, O, afer the CAS module, A, verifying the validity of the key, K, the CAS module also verifies with the EGS!
EGS is ‘Elektronische GetriebeSteuerung‘ in ‘Masai’ language, which translates to or ‘Electronic Transmission Control‘ (ETC) in jaLUO langauge! ONYO🚨
I used just the EGS for example, but there could be so many other control units that may have to also verify with the CAS module and or engine ECU, before the engine is allowed to start or even moving🤷♂️!
The CAS4 👇 could be having similar nonsense as exampled with CAS3☝ above, but with different modules, and probably with SMART KEYLESS ‘ujanja’!
Could be a different algorithm that now all the associated units, the CAS module and ECU and EGS, all have to verify each other🤷♀️
Alafu, to combat theft, BMW started designing the immobilizer systems using complex, encrypted security codes that are unique to each BMW, and their ‘other coding secrets’ kept on the BMW data servers!
Meaning,
…when programming BMW’s recent keys, whatever tool you’re using must connect to the internetso as to access the BMW’s database, to first be verified then provided with the unique security information needed for the programming.
Otherwise just know that BMW just plays about with different control units for engine’s immobilization🤷♀️!
As We continue, to FEM, BDC, SOZI, and others, if You have useless time to waste, You may want to first watch this 👇 rubbish, boring video, although demonstrating all the BMW nonsense🤪😜🤣
HAPA UJANJA tu😎!
FEM & BDC NONSENSE
FEM is the Front Electronic Module, alafu BDC is the Body Domain Controller, which are both are integrated control to manage recent BMW’s electrical system and body electronics!
To make longer story shorter,
Just like how the CAS module was introduced to combine the functions of several older modules, improving efficiency and security.
The FEM was first used, then the BDC!
The BDC integrates all the functions of the FEM plus additional responsibilities like making sure the beers in the BMW’s fridge keep cold😜😁!
There are many functions of the FEM/BDC system, including,
Being as a central gateway module (ZGM) connecting all of the vehicle’s bus systems (e.g., FlexRay, CAN, LIN) to allow communication between different control units.
Obviously being as a central component of the BMW’s immobilizer system.
As in, to store security and immobilizer data that must match the engine and transmission control units to allow the BMW to start.
That nonsense of Access and Authorization, managing functions related to keyless entry, central locking, and the push-button start.
I swear, I’m tired of writing😢, I will continue badae! Meanwhile, AND kindly, be doing extra research, as if it’s Me to benefit, …manyooko😁😜🤣!
Anyway, You can also do some extra research to realize how FEM BDC system also helps to manage and distribute power to the various electronic components throughout the front of the vehicle, optimizing energy usage. like controlling both interior and exterior lighting, Window and Door Control, Wiper and Wash System, Climate Control, Electrical Mirrors!
May be whatever is causing You believe MUST do some nonsense to the vehicle, is some minor external problem with the sensors or actuators🤷♂️!
WinOLS ni programu yenye uchawi wa kuwezesha kubadilisha, kurekebisha data iliyomo kwenye ECU.
Ina maana unaeza kutoa/kuzima hizo mifumo zenye usumbufu kwenye gari, zikiwemo IMMOBILISER (kufanya immo off). kutoa DPF, EGR, ADblue, kubadili TURBO zenye umeme, yaaani inafanya kazi nyingi kama ECU tuning, uamuzi ni wako tu🤷♂️!
Kuhusu hizi🤔 mifumo ya PNEUMATIC na HYDRAULIC, ok,
…kwanza, kusoma maandishi, maneno mengi kunaweza kuchosha,
…na sio kutia moyo, unapojifunza kitu, au kukumbuka ulichojua tayari!
Ukitaka, video👇 tumeweka chini!
Maandishi haya ni muhtasari tu, wa mambo muhimu!
Naamini umeona baadhi ya vifaa👇 hivi, vinavyofanya kazi, kiwandani, maeneo ya ujenzi, au haya magari makubwa yanayotumika kufanya kazi maalum! 👇
☝ Picha hizo hapo juu, baadhi ya mashine ni za Pneumatics, na Hydraulics!
Unaona, jinsi mashine zote zina sehemu ya silinda, cylinder, kama namna hii👇
Ndani, kuna mkono, ambao unahitaji kutembea kutoka Y hadi X na, X hadi Y, kulingana, ili kazi iweze kufanywa na mashine hiyo!
Kusukuma, kufanya mkono huu kutembea, unaweza kumwaga ndani, kwa mfano, maji, au hewa, au mafuta yoyote, au kemikali fulani maalum, mradi tu inaweza kufanya kusukuma na au kuvuta mkono huo!
Kuna mathara, kulingana na kile kilichoingizwa kuweza kusukuma au kuvuuta huo mkono kutembea!
Unaweza kutumia kitu solid A, kama poda, unga, nk😜!
Kitu kioevu Liquid, B, kama maji, mafuta, oili, kikitumiwa, sasa huo ni uchawi waHYDROLICS
Alafu, kitu gesi gas, C, kama hewa ya kawaida, kikitumiwa, huo ni uchawi waPNEUMATICS!
Inaweza kuwa maji au hewa au mafuta, kutumiwa kusukuma au kuvuuta mkono uliopo D!
Siri ya HYDRAULICS na PNEUMATICS, ni kuelewa mfumo wa jinsi, hiyo hewa au oili kuhifadhiwa,
…pamoja na maelezo ya chochote kinachohusika katika njia ambayo hiyo hewa au oli huchukua kutoka A hadi D, na vinginevyo kurudi au kupotezwa, ukiwa mfumo ni wa hewa!
…setup, ama usanidi configuration kwa jumla, wa vifaa vinavyopatikana kwenye mfumo wa PNEUMATICS 👇
Hapa👇 uchawi wa PNEUMATICS ni mfumo wa Gas, C!
Inaweza kuwa hewa ya kawaida, ama aina fulani nyingine ya aina ya gesi!Ujue tu kwamba pneumatics inashughulika na kitu ambacho chembe chembe zake zimetengana sana!
…ikilinganishwa na Liquid B, ya kwenye hydraulics, ambayo chembe chembe zake zinakaribiana!
Reservoir Tank …mahali fulani pa kuweka hewa itakayotumika kusukuma mkono ndani ya silinda, ili kufanya kazi kwa ?Z
Wakati unashughulika na mifumo hizi za Pneumatics, tenki iweke akilini kila wakati, juu ni chanzo cha nguvu, nishati hiyo ambayo husaidia mfumo kufanya kazi!
Air Pump, Air compressor
…kusaidia kuvuta hewa kutoka mahali popote nje, kisha kuisukuma hewa, yaani, kuipatia nguvu kwenda kutembeza ule mkono uliopo ndani ya silinda!
Mara nyingi ni hewa ya kawaida,
isipokuwa kama mfumo unatumia aina maalum ya gesi!
Kumbuka, kuna aina nyingi tofauti za pampu, kila moja inaonekana tofauti, na inaeza kuwekwa popote kulingana na mashine ambapo inafanya kazi!
Akilini mwako, weka tu pampu ili uikumbuke unaposhughulika na mifumo ya nyumatiki
Kumbuka, mashine yoyote unayoshughulika nayo, inaweza kuwa na pampu zaidi ya moja!
Je, unafahamu ujanja kuhusiana hizi heavy duty pumps?
….kuondoa uchafu kwenye hiyo hewa imevutwa, kabla ya kuingia ndani ya tanki,
…au hata ikiwa mfumo huo hautumii tanki, inahitajika hewa safi!
Usichukulie kuwa kawaida, rahisi!
Kuwa mwangalifu kwasababu mifumo mingine ya Air Filter za kusafisha hewa, inaweza kuwa na vifaa vidogo vya umeme, vilivyofichwa ndani!
Tena🤷♀️, ukibonyeza HAPA, kuna ujanja wa namna kuchunguza, kupima Air Filter electronics, pamoja na sensors wenzake wengine wote, clickHERE!
Q) Temperature, and or, Pressure Sensor
…ili kufuatilia, pressa, au halijoto ya hewa hiyo ambayo imesukumwa na pampu!
”
Temperature NA Pressure kuna namna, jinsi viangaliana, ndo maana sehemu kwenye kupima joto ama pressa, unaeza kuta kuna sensor za vipimo vyote viwili, ama moja yao!
“
Kwenye baadhi ya mifumo, kuwa tayari kupata kitu cha kupima pressa, au halijoto ya hewa hiyo ambayo imesukumwa na pampu🤷♀️!
…vinaezakuwa hivi mita vya kawaida
Mifumo mingine inaweza kutumia vitambuzi, yaani sensors, ili kutuma taarifa kwa kompyuta, ECU, kisha kompyuta kutuma data kwenye skrini dashboard ili kuonyesha
Ni simple🤔, kuwa tu na wazo katika akili yako, kwamba wakati wa kushughulika na mifumo hii ya Pneumatics, kuna kitambuzi, sensor au mita ya kuripoti pressa, na au, halijoto ya hiyo hewa inaozunguka kwenye mfumo!
Tena🤷♀️, ukibonyeza HAPA, kuna ujanja wa namna kuchunguza, kupima Pressure Sensor, Temperature Sensor, pamoja na sensors wenzake wengine wote, clickHERE!
FRL (Filter, Relief-Valve, Lubricator)
Ni mfumo, kuboresha zaidi, hiyo hewa inatokea kwa tenki!
FRL filter F
Pamoja na kutoa uchafu, inatoa na maji! Pressa inaeza kugeuza hewa kuwa maji!
Ndani kuna kifaa kinaitwa Air Drier, kufanya uchawi wa kutoa maji!
Kulingana na hali ya Pneumatics unayoshughulika nayo, ujue tu kuna iki ki drier, mahali fulani, just think bigger 😁😂🤣
Kwenye mifumo mingine, hii filter ya kwanza inaekuwa ndo peke yake!
Relief valve, R
….husaidia kudumisha, ku control, pressa ya hewa, kubaki ndani ya vipimo sahihi kama inavyotakiwa na mfumo!
….pressa ikzidi, ikiwa kubwa, baadhi ya hewa itaachiliwa nje.
Alafu, mfumo unalingana vifaa vilivyotumiwa…
…vingine vinaeza kuwa hivi vya kawaida! Pressure ikizidi inasukuma Y kufunga na kufungua njiazingine
Ndiyo, hiyo Relief valve inaeza kuwa hizi za kawaida!
Inaeza kuwa Valve ya umeme yenye solenoid inashugulikiwa na control unit, kompyuta, ECU!
….ya kupuliza oil kwenye hewa!
Ok, ili kuzuia hewa isikwaruze friction na mabomba, kupuliza ka oili chache kwenye hewa kunasaidia🤔!…hewa inapotembea, inavuta matone fulani ya mafuta, oili, Y
X 👇ndo inaoleta hiyo oili!
Valves’ Body,
…ambapo hewa imefika, na kwa pressa ya juu!Hapa sasa ndipo hewa inapoelekezwa mahali pa kwenda, silinda ya kwenda, ili kusukuma au kuvuta ule mkono tulioanza nao, mwanzoni ya huu ujinga!
Kwa mfano, kuweza kusukuma mkono kutoka Y kwenda X, lazima mlango 1 ifunguliwe!
Obviously kutoka X kurudi Ymlango 2 lazima ufunguliwe
ONYO🧷
Ninatumia picha hii na zingine, kwa mfano tu! haimaanishi kifaa unachoona kwenye picha kinatumia hewa au mafuta!
After all, hata kama hydraulics au pneumatics, jinsi zinavyofanya kazi ni sawa, ya kufanana, tofauti pekee ni kwamba, mmoja Hydraulics anatumia mafuta au maji, mwingine Pneumatics anatumia hewa.
Sasa, nadhani una imagine D inavyovutwa au kusukumwa🤔?
Hiyo valve body imekaa namna 👇
Controllers
…ili kufungua njia ya 1 au 2,
Unaezatumia gears za kawaida…
…ama buttons,
…kufungua valve ya umeme yenye solenoid inashugulikiwa na control unit, kompyuta, ECU!
As You know, Control systems are used in a wide range of applications, including manufacturing, transportation, Consumer Electronics, Energy production and etc!
So, wherever whichever warning lights, serve as crucial indicators, providing information about the respective Control System’s status, alerting You binadamu, to potential issues.
Yes, ignoring these warning lights can lead to serious consequences, including System’s damage or unsafe Operation conditions.
Could be, some House Electronics, Aeroplane, Trucks, Cars, where ever You could see a respective Warning Light, 👇 HAPA UJANJA tu👀
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This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
We compile ECU PINOUTS for several TOYOTA's! To just download if you're not afraid of our scam🤐 Click HERE Otherwise, Our rubbish is very disorganized🤧! ...
This useless Vehicles' Electronic Control Systems' 'ujanja' on different control systems' sensors ECU actuators, could remind You with the... ...understanding of how it's made, so ...
If You don't want read our nonsense.. click here ..download whatever data to f*k emissions' ujinga! You know combustion engine (X) used in vehicles😉?How it ...
If You don't want read our nonsense.. click here ..download whatever data to f*k emissions' ujinga! You know combustion engine (X) used in vehicles😉?How it ...
If You don't want read our nonsense.. click here ..download whatever data to f*k emissions' ujinga! You know combustion engine (X) used in vehicles😉?How it ...
Kwanza, ukumbuke kwamba tuliekezana amost kila ujinga kushu EEPROM work, namna kusoma data na Adress, kubadili, nk! Kama bado, na ukitaka BONYEZA HAPA! Ujanja katika ...
Kwanza ujue kwmba tulijaribu kuelekezana kuhusu uchawi kuchezea data ya kwenye IC/EEPROM/CHIP, as in, namna ya kusoma, edit, delete, copy, nk hizo EEPROM data! Kama ...
ECU programming, reading and or writing data, can be done via boot, bench, or OBD modes🤷♂️! Hakuna Matata, it's Your choice🧐, BUT each offers varying ...
As AUDI's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
This is COMPLETE official OEM full workshop service repair manual containing easy-to-read text sections with top quality diagrams and instructions includes: Detailed sub-steps expand on ...
We are disorganized🤧🤮! Here, You could get a general understanding, a setup of a Vehicle's Immobilizer System🤠! Otherwise We, further, deeply & separately, discussed every ...
KEY PROGRAMMING NONSENSE Click here Hizi software ni zenye uchawi wa kutengeneza funguo mpya wa au kwa, gari iliopoteza funguo wake, au kuongeza funguo zingine ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
Yes, while You are able to perform some LANDROVER diagnostic 🩺functions, read, clear faults, actuations, adaptation, Live data, etc😎! Sadly😢, some Land Rover 's "expert" ...
As LANDROVER's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
Note📌 This is NOT about Engine (nor complete vehicle) immobilization👌! Although some component protection nonsense could 'kinda' immobilize the vehicle🤪! HAPA UJANJA tu😳! For KEY ...
NOTE🚨 For OTHER explanations doing EEPROM work, Click Here If You have time to waste ! Unajua wengi hatupendi kusoma maandishi, so ukitaka takataka ya maandishi ...
To just download👌, if You don't read nonsense🤷♀️! click HERE But anyway! Longer story, shorter👌! Click HERE If you may want going through IMMOBILIZER SYSTEMS🔑! ...
Usisome tu upuuzi huu! Fanya na vitendo! Huko chini, tunaweka sampuli za kufanya mazoezi nazo! Unahitaji tu kompyuta ya kawaida! Tafadhali fanya mazoezi ya kutumia ...
This SCANIA's Repair information could help You diagnose, as in to pinpoint, the root causes of problems with several SCANIA systems setups! Use📚 any platform ...
WinOLS is some magic tool for editing Electronic Control Unit's Data😎! NOTE👌 This NOT that "kinda" of EEPROM work of 'mere' dealing with HEXA digits ...
To just download👌, if You don't read nonsense🤷♀️! click HERE But anyway! Longer story, shorter👌! Click HERE If you may want going through IMMOBILIZER SYSTEMS! ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
If You don't have time to waste reading our nonsense, WHY, WHAT You're 💻📲 downloading, just👇 Click HERE (the password is: DATA 2E-PROM) Download on ...
This some not only about knowing the compatibility, or interpreting the label, code name, but also the terminal schematics of most many all control Components, ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
This some collection of RANDOM Toyota immobilizer virgin files (blank data) for resetting various Toyotas’ Immobilizer systems to accept used keys or new keys! T) ...
Whatever nonsense from here, use the same imagination in on with other control systems👌! Using a vehicle's combustion engine for example! There are so many ...
karibu to this eWORKSHOP 🫡 We don't apologize for our being disorganized🤷♂️, just bare with us! Asante🤝! We share whatever UJANJA, randomly! Our personnel have ...
Known by many names, Toyota Celica Supra, Toyota Celica, Toyota GR Supra, Toyota Celica XX, Toyota Sozi, or Toyota kamese, BUT.. ..its that 'kaToyota'😜 known ...
Yes, ni free but don't flee😂😁! Unachangia just 2🍻drinks, compensate for our time & data🧐! CHAT, ask👇 SUZAN for passwords🤷♀️! EMAIL📩 ujanja@5021.tips WhatsApp🤳 +254 753 ...
As BENZ's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
We compile ECU PINOUTS for several SUZUKI's! To just download if you're not afraid of our scam🤐 Click HERE Otherwise, Our rubbish is very disorganized🤧! ...
We compile ECU PINOUTS for several SUBARU's! To just download if you're not afraid of our scam🤐 Click HERE Otherwise, Our rubbish is very disorganized🤧! ...
We compile ECU PINOUTS for several FORD's! To just download if you're not afraid of our scam🤐 Click HERE Otherwise, Our rubbish is very disorganized🤧! ...
We compile ECU PINOUTS for several NISSAN's! To just download if you're not afraid of our scam🤐 Click HERE Otherwise, Our rubbish is very disorganized🤧! ...
We compile ECU PINOUTS for several HYUNDAI's! To just download if you're not afraid of our scam🤐 Click HERE Otherwise, Our rubbish is very disorganized🤧! ...
We compile ECU PINOUTS for several HONDA's! To just download if you're not afraid of our scam🤐 Click HERE Otherwise, Our rubbish is very disorganized🤧! ...
USB (Universal Serial Bus) ni uchawi kuunganisha vifaa vya elektroniki, na kuviruhusu kuwasiliana, ama, na kusambaziana umeme! Kama maana ya neno lenyewe, UNIVERSAL, USB ilikusudiwa ...
Known by so many names, Toyota Previa, Toyota Tarago, Toyota Estima, Toyota Sozi, Lucida or, BUT.. ..its some distinctive, egg🌭shaped minivan famous for its unique ...
Longer story, shorter👌! Click HERE If you may want going through IMMOBILIZER SYSTEMS! Transponder Data(P) is in some EEPROM (F)🤠! These👇 tools help generate data ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
Mercedes Benz wanatoa umbea, ujuzi, ujanja wooooote, kuhusu wakati gani, kwa nini, utumise nini, yaaani, jinsi ya kugundua, kutatuta magari yao pamoja na michoro ya ...
For these Mercedes Benz ML 320, as you can see 👇sh*t covers all, including, servicing, maintenance, repair, ecu pinouts, wiring diagrams, diagnostics and troubleshooting guides ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
These guidebooks contain essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then fix these ML320 ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
As BMW's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
As VW's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
Factory workshop manual / factory service Information for the BMW X3, chassis code E83! BMW IMMOBILISER SYSTEMS click HERE click HERE BMW KEYS We compile ...
As You may know, Toyota ZELAS is some version of SCIONtC, that sporty, two-door compact coupe with its 2.5L 4-cylinder engine, 6-speed transmissions, automatic or ...
Hii simple, Auto Repair Workshop's System (Customers, Vehicles, Spares, Technicians, Repair Database) software itakusaidia kuhifadhi kumbukumbu kuhusu wateja pamoja na kuhusu kazi zinazofanywa au kazi ...
I hope these books give a complete overview, understanding of the components and workings of the respective Engineering platforms! I'm sorry, there was no mood ...
Naaam, jinsi unafahamu, huduma za umeme ni sehemu muhimu katika jengo lolote! So, ni muhimu kwa wataalamu wa ujenzi kuelewa kanuni ya msingi ya usanifu ...
This book seems to provide an intuitive approach to controls🤷♂️! Juu it's avoiding unnecessary mathematics and emphasizing key concepts with more than a dozen control ...
Unajua We randomly just pile up Automotive electrical and electronics books! Insha'Allah, these could be You used by not only students, technicians, and enthusiasts, but ...
After reading, and learning, go practice pole pole! Do it yourself, teach yourself! Unajua We randomly just pile up Automotive electrical and electronics books! Insha'Allah, ...
Hii tumeokota tu sehemu, may be kitakusaidia, insha'Allah✌ HAPA UJANJA tu! Ukitaka ile App ya SIMU📲 au KOMPYUTA💻 bonyeza HAPA Unajua We randomly just pile ...
Hivi ni vitabu vya kila technical field, bila kufuata mlolongo wowote👌! Tunaweka tu chochote tunaodhani kinaweza kuongezea ujanja kwa mtu yeyote! Unaweza hata kupakua, as ...
The exercises contained in this nonsense are part of the guided Advanced Diploma in Electrical Engineering study lessons! We believe this rubbish can virtually, yet ...
As You know, NISSAN's NV1500 NV2500 NV3500 are series of full-size commercial vans designed for versatility in commercial applications. The NV1500 and NV2500 are typically ...
Kwa kutaka kuongeza nguvu ya injini za magari, kwa bila kutumisa mafuta mengi, wala kuharibu mazingira🤔, wataalamu waligundua namna ya kuchunguza mafuta na hewa inaoingia ...
Hapa tumeweka taka taka yoooote, as in, tumeweka kila ujinga kuwezesha kufungua, yaani ku unlock, almost kila aina ya radio🤞! Ndiyo, pamoja na kubadili lugha ...
NOTE🚨 This is virtually practical, less irrelevant theory! NO special knowledge, nor prior conventional school attendance needed, to be able to read, identify, edit, EEPROM ...
However whatever You're dealing with digital Data! It could be any type of file, video, EEPROM data, music, photos, pornography, whatever, insha'Allah🤞 This is how ...
Inaweza kuhusisha baiskeli nyingi, pikipiki, magari madogo, malori makubwa, yaani, cha usafiri cha aina yoyote ile! Obviously, HAPA UJANJA tu, na ndivyo ilivyo🤪 juu ujanja ...
As SCANIA's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
Accelator Position Sensor, au 'sensa' ya kanyagio cha kuongeza kasi ya gari, namna jina ilivyo, inapeleka umbea kuhusu kiwango dereva amakanyaga ki kanyagio, kwenda kwenye ...
As VOLVO's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
Hata kama EARTH na GROUND ni kama kitu kimoja, lakini ni tofauti! Kwa kingereza ya Merikani wanasema GROUND, alafu kwa Kingereza ya Ulaya(Europe) ni EARTH, ...
MAP sensor, au, Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor, inapima kiasi au uzito wa mkusanyiko wa hewa uliopo kwenye 'intake manifold'! Mkusanyo wa hewa ukijumulisha na hewa ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
Factory workshop manual / factory service Information for the BMW M3, chassis code E30! BMW IMMOBILISER SYSTEMS click HERE click HERE BMW KEYS We compile ...
Kiliofanywa ni kuweka kwa website hii www.5021.tips/ujanja/allbmbooks namna ya blaa blaa zote hizo kuhusu vitabu vyenye maelekezo ya ufundi wa gari za BMW ili kwamba ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She ...
As You know, Toyota Land Cruiser Prado 120 Series is that highly regarded mid-size SUV known for its exceptional blend of rugged, off-road capability and ...
The Isuzu Trooper is also known as the Isuzu Bighorn! In fact, it is labeled with several other names; Acura SLX, Chevrolet Trooper, Holden Jackaroo/Monterey, ...
As You know, the Toyota FORTUNER is continuing to come out in various versions, generations, that tend to vary by market, including ; Fortuner GR-S ...
For these TOYOTA Harrier LEXUS RX300 as you can see 👇this nonsense covers all, including, servicing, maintenance, repair, ecu pinouts, wiring diagrams, diagnostics and troubleshooting ...
KIA in different setups, SUVs, sedans, and electric vehicles (EVs). This rubbish could be of with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, providing detailed instructions ...
As You know, the Toyota COASTER is in various versions, generations, first, second, until the x generation, which all differ in features and capabilities! Obviously ...
HYUNDAI in different setups, SUVs, sedans, and electric vehicles (EVs). This rubbish could be of with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, providing detailed instructions ...
Insha'Allah, wherever You find 1HZ, 1HD, 1HD-T, 1HD-FTE, may be this rubbish be of help! Kama kawa, these Wiring diagrams are visual representations of the ...
For these TOYOTA RAV4 as you can see 👇this nonsense covers all, including, servicing, maintenance, repair, ecu pinouts, wiring diagrams, diagnostics and troubleshooting guides to all ...
Jiweke katika ubora na mafunzo haya ya hali ya juu mahususi ya mtengenezaji, DENSO! Hii imeundwa ili kutayarisha, na au kuendeleza ujuzi na ujuzi wako ...
As SEAT's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
As SKODA's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
Kuna maandishi muhimu, kuhusu magari ya VAG, ambayo mara nyingi tunapata! Sasa, sii HAPA UJANJA tu😉, so tutakuwa tunaweka hapa, hatutafuata mlolongo wowote, yaani tunayopata ...
Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for that Mitsubishi Mirage ! It covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, with wiring ...
Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for that Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X ! It covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, ...
As You know, the Toyota HIACE is in various versions, generations, first, second, until the x generation, which all differ in features and capabilities! Obviously ...
Naaam, the Toyota 2AZ-FE is that 2.4-liter engine used in on various Toyota, Scion, and Pontiac models, including the Toyota Camry, RAV4, Highlander, Harrier ama ...
The 80 Series TOYOTA LandCruiser, ama J80, may include GX that offers robust utility! The VX and VX Limited grades designed as higher-spec options with ...
The Toyota Land Cruiser Prado 90, the 3-door (90 Series) and 5-door (95 Series), have various versions like... The TX which is the base-level model ...
That below👇, is ONLY some wiring information on the electrical circuits installed on these vehicles, the actual nonsense of on all every systems is HERE! ...
As You know, the Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series is in various versions which differ in features and capabilities! Obviously the body styles vary, with ...
As You know, the Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series is in various versions which differ in features and capabilities! Obviously the body styles vary, with ...
This 'day-ta'😋, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, and ...
These guidebooks contain essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then fix these TOYOTA's ...
May this ujanja be of help getting PART NUMBERS, and or Compatible Parts, etc! These Electronic parts catalogs (EPCs) with so much ujinga, including reduced ...
Free vehicle support at http://forums.ross-tech.com This video (in Swahili language) shows how to perform the Throttle Body Alignment on VW, Audi, Seat, Skoda and Bentley ...
VAG resources & Coding Tips CLICK HERE Otherwise... This just some reminder of on about this ROSS-TECH team, that provide diagnostics ujanja for VAG's, VW, ...
Ikijumuisha na mafunzo ya jinsi kila mfumo unavyofanya kazi, hii Service, Diagnosis & Repair database inakuongoza wewe fundi kuhusu jinsi ya kuunganisha na kukarabati kila sehemu ...
Very simple, yaani rahisi, tembelea tovuti ya kampuni hii inayotengeneza hili 👇 www.alldata.com ☝ Jadili nao ili uweze kuingia! Unapoingia, hifadhi, pakua, data yote unayohitaji! ...
These provide information on the electrical circuits installed on these vehicles by dividing them into a circuit for each system. We randomly put wherever whatever ...
Hii ni mojawapo ya programu zinazoongoza, zenye mwongozo kwa ajili ya matengenezo, utambuzi, yaani Auto Diagnosis, na ukarabati wa magari. Unapata michoro ya matengenezo, michoro ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
BACKHOE LOADER, wengine wanaiita tu LOADER🤷♂️, ama blaa bla, mara loader excavator, tractor excavator, digger, eti loader backhoe 😁🤣😂 whatever, but uchawi ni ule ule🤷♂️! ...
As You see below, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
As you can see below, it includes component diagrams, wiring schematics for each part, component locations, repair procedures, and proper torque settings, ensuring efficient and accurate ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
Ukitaka somea hapa, otherwise, na bora ubonyeze PRINT ama DOWNLOAD, ...uweke hii PDF kwenye simu📲 au computer💻! As You can see below, this nonsense contains essential ...
Hope this helps as You maintain, repair, and troubleshoot GR series engines. Look, this random 👇sh*t covers all, including, servicing, maintenance, repair, ecu pinouts, wiring ...
The immoff database NOW piles up HERE ☝☝ click HERE Sashintsha ibhokisi, Sabeka lo ujanja lapha Twakyusa ekibokisi, Tutadde eno ujanja Tulibadilisha sanduku, tukaweka ujanja ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnose, then ...
Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for these engines', ZVQ, V9X ! For other Nissan Control Systems, including ECU pinouts & wiring diagrams, Click Here! Click ☝☝Here! ...
Hope this helps as You maintain, diagnose, repair, and troubleshoot INFINITI QX56ZTE's. Look, 👇sh*t covers all, including, servicing, maintenance, repair, ecu pinouts, wiring diagrams, diagnostics and ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
Yes, ni free but don't flee😂😁! Unachangia just 2🍻drinks, compensate for our time & data🧐! CHAT, ask👇 SUZAN for passwords🤷♀️! EMAIL📩 ujanja@5021.tips WhatsApp🤳 +254 753 ...
This manual, with over 1500 pages, offers illustrations, diagrams, and instructions to help You solve all any technical problems with this MAZDA6. As You see, ...
If you know what's done, save time BONYEZA HAPA uweze ku calculate hiyo code🤷♂️, sii unajua niaje🙄😎! otherwise soma haya maelekezo👇 👇 Ukitaka kufanya key ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
As You see, below, this nonsense contains essential electrical systems' information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), ...
As You see, below, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
Very simple, yaani rahisi, tembelea tovuti ya kampuni hii inayotengeneza hili 👇 www.alldata.com ☝ Jadili nao ili uweze kuingia! Unapoingia, hifadhi, pakua, data yote unayohitaji! ...
Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for thatISUZU Dmax ! ONYO📌 This 'thing' could be known, to by with so many different names, including, Chevrolet D-Max, ...
Hii inaweza kukusaidia kurudisha funguo zilizopotea, au kutengeneza funguo za vipuri! Ukumbuke tulijaribu kumbushana upumbavu mwingi kuhusu KEY PROGRAMMING ya magari mengi, ikiwemo namna ya ...
As you can see below, it includes component diagrams, wiring schematics for each part, component locations, repair procedures, and proper torque settings, ensuring efficient and accurate ...
As You see below, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
As you can see below, it includes component diagrams, wiring schematics for each part, component locations, repair procedures, and proper torque settings, ensuring efficient and accurate ...
Hakuna mpangilio, utaratibu maalum, tunaweka tu upuuzi wowote kuhusu blaa bla ya COMON RAIL DIESEL SYSTEMS! By the way, mfumo wa COMMON RAIL hutumiwa zaidi ...
Hapa ndo tunakusanyia takataka kuhusu mifumo ya magari 🚚makuubwa, na hatufuati mpangilio maalum, everything is just disorganised, insha'Allah whatever You find useful, HAPA UJANJA tu🤷♂️ ...
The JOHN DEERE BACKHOES could be categorized according to Net Peak Power ranging from the 310L Backhoe to the powerful 710L Backhoe🤷♂️! OTHER BACKHOE LOADERS ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
The CASE BACKHOES could be categorized according to Net Peak Power 🤷♂️! These CASE backhoes could also be arranged according to the Dipper stick's Digging Depth, ...
The CATERPILAR BACKHOES could be categorized according to Net Peak Power 🤷♂️! These CAT backhoes could also be arranged according to the Dipper stick's Digging Depth, ...
This, factory, workshop, service & Diagnostics Repair Information for the TATA HITACHI FIAT BACKHOE LOADERS! This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, ...
Kama kawa, these Wiring diagrams are visual representations of the connections and layout of electrical devices and circuits in this LEXUS ambao ni kama ALTEZA👌 ...
Katika aina za hizi BackHoe Loaders, Kubota inatoa miuundu kadhaa ya inazoiita TLB, yaani Trekta Loader Backhoe, ikijumuisha B26, L47, na M62. Mifano hizi zimeundwa ...
These guidebooks contain essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), do Diagnosis, then fix these TOYOTA's ...
These guidebooks contain essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), do Diagnosis, then fix these TOYOTA's ...
The NEW HOLLAND BACKHOES could be categorized according to Net Peak Power 🤷♂️! These backhoes could also be arranged according to the Dipper stick's Digging ...
JCB propose une gamme de modèles, dont les 1CX, 3CX, 4CX et 5CX, chacun avec différentes versions et spécialisations. Ces modèles répondent à de nombreux ...
As You can see below, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
As You see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
This will guide you on how to check, test, disassemble then reassemble and repair every with this NISSAN PATROL Y61 RD28ETi, ZD30DDTi TB48DE vehicle. All ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
Yes, ni free but don't flee😂😁! Unachangia just 2🍻drinks, compensate for our time & data🧐! CHAT, ask👇 SUZAN for passwords🤷♀️! EMAIL📩 ujanja@5021.tips WhatsApp🤳 +254 753 ...
Tulikusanya takataka kutoka sehemu tofauti tofauti, tunadhani itakuwa ya msaada! Elimu yoyote inayoshirikiwa, ni ya wamiliki wa vitabu hivi! HAPA UJANJA tu! ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
As You will see, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, ...
As You can see below, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to ...
As You can see below, this nonsense contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to ...
Hiki kitabu, Modern Diesel Technology Heavy Equipment Systems, jinsi unaona 👇kuna taka taka zote za kuanzia kujifunza uchawi wa, emagari makubwa , vi mashine vya ...
As CHRYSLER's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
As JEEP's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
As FORD's becoming increasingly more complex with with newer complex, digital control electronics, electrical systems, newer ujanja is always needed to fix, sort out certain ...
As you can see below, it includes component diagrams, wiring schematics for each part, component locations, repair procedures, and proper torque settings, ensuring efficient and accurate ...
This rubbish contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then fix this LEXUS ...
This rubbish contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then fix these ISUZU ...
Hizi software ni zenye uchawi wa kutengeneza funguo mpya wa au kwa, ...gari iliopoteza funguo wake, ...au kuongeza funguo zingine for back up moja ikipotea, ...
This rubbish contains essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then fix a JEEP ...
This complete set includes all every about Jeep XJ, with Loads of information and exploded illustrations, and/or diagrams, of all systems! Engine, Transmission Diagnostic Procedures, ...
This a Factory issued workshop manual covering all aspects of vehicle servicing, repair and restoration. Covers all topics such as chassis, brakes, suspension, engine, transmission, ...
This Volkswagen Amarok is a pickup truck produced since 2010. The Amarok range consists of single cab and double cab, combined with either rear-wheel drive ...
Tafuta njia zako za kusoma flash data na (au data ya EEPROM wakati mwingine, ECU fulani, kwenye gari fualni, kulingana, namna utaelekezwa)! Sasa ukisha pata ...
Jinsi hii video inakuonesha, hiki kitabu kina namna ya ku program funguo za gari, mashine gani yakutumia, vifa gani vya kufungua/kufunga kwenye gari, nk! Yaani ...
This, factory, workshop, service & Diagnostics Repair Information for the IVECO DAILY ! This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed ...
This, factory, workshop, service & Diagnostics Repair Information for the HYUNDAI H1 H200 ! This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides ...
Jinsi unafahamu, these repair manuals cover various aspects. Kueleza, kuonesha namna certain components and systems work. As in, they tell you when why where what ...
This, factory, workshop, service & Diagnostics Repair Information for the HYUNDAI TIBURON ! This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed ...
As you can see below, it includes component diagrams, wiring schematics for each part, component locations, repair procedures, and proper torque settings, ensuring efficient and accurate ...
For these KAWASAKI KX250 as you can see 👇this nonsense could be of use in many technical ways, NOT only assembly & preparation, but including, servicing, ...
Taarifa hizi zimeibiwa kutoka sehemu fulani, kwa ajili yako, kutoka kwa masomo yanoaandaliwa na wataalam wa Toyota na Lexus! Kampuni nyingi zinakuwa na kiwango cha ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She is ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She is ...
1KD FTV or 2KD FTV, whichever, but these usually fitted in LandCruiser Prado, Hilux Surf, Fortuner, HiAce, Hilux, and many others, even not Toyota's🧐! As ...
1KD FTV or 2KD FTV, whichever, but these usually fitted in LandCruiser Prado, Hilux Surf, Fortuner, HiAce, Hilux, and many others, even not Toyota's🧐! As ...
Hope this helps as You maintain, repair, and troubleshoot 1KZTE vehicles. Look, 👇sh*t covers all, including, servicing, maintenance, repair, ecu pinouts, wiring diagrams, diagnostics and ...
Hizi vitabu vya VET (Vocational Education Training) viko katika lugha ya wenzetu, tumeiba uko uko! Kama vitakusiadia, inshaÁllah🤞 ...alafu, usisahu kutafsiri na simu, kwa lugha ...
Of late, the development of the motor vehicle has been marked by the introduction of electronics. At first, electronic systems were used to control the ...
Hiki kitabu, Computerized Engine Controls, jinsi unaona 👇kuna taka taka zote za kuanzia kujifunza uchawi wa, electronic control systems iliopo magari ya kisasa! Insha'Allah, iki kitabu ...
These contain, Service, Diagnosis, Electrical, Repairs’ Information for the correct operation and maintenance of respective Cummins engine! Hapa Ujanja Tu 👇👇👇 CUMMINS marine generator manual ...
Whoever shared this knowledge in this book cautioned You how the contents contained are for general information only. The writings should not be regarded or ...
The electronic control of a diesel engine provides for precise and selective adjustment of the fuel-injection settings. A new diesel engine can only manage all ...
Be it types, settings, configurations, We keep accumulating here, every nonsense whatever, about braking systems found in vehicles used for transportation, including but not limited ...
Kuhusu hizi🤔 mifumo ya PNEUMATIC na HYDRAULIC, ok, ...kwanza, kusoma maandishi, maneno mengi kunaweza kuchosha, ...na sio kutia moyo, unapojifunza kitu, au kukumbuka ulichojua tayari! ...
Kuhusu hizi🤔 mifumo ya PNEUMATIC na HYDRAULIC, ok, ...kwanza, kusoma maandishi, maneno mengi kunaweza kuchosha, ...na sio kutia moyo, unapojifunza kitu, au kukumbuka ulichojua tayari! ...
Kama unavyotambua, magari ya zamani hayakuwa magumu, yaani, mifumo ya wiring ilikuwa rahisi, hayakuwa na hizo bla blaa ya sensor, ECU, nk! Sasa, magari ya ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
Hope this ujanja helps as You maintain, repair, and troubleshoot 3ZR FAE vehicles. Look, this random 👇sh*t covers all, including, servicing, maintenance, repair, ecu pinouts, ...
As you can see below, this rubbish has some ujanja prepared to provide ujuzi on CHYengines! These are some small, gasoline-powered engines primarily used in ...
As you can see below, this workshop manual has been prepared to provide information on electrical circuits for some Hino Vehicles.... ...including, FC6J, FC9J, FD8J, ...
Yes, ni free but don't flee😂😁! Unachangia just 2🍻drinks, compensate for our time & data🧐! CHAT, ask👇 SUZAN for passwords🤷♀️! EMAIL📩 ujanja@5021.tips WhatsApp🤳 +254 753 ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
For these TOYOTA LANDCRUISER WAGON as you can see 👇this nonsense covers all, including, servicing, maintenance, repair, ecu pinouts, wiring diagrams, diagnostics and troubleshooting guides to ...
Kwa sababu kuna taarifa nyingi, zinazoonyesha na kuelezea, kila kitu kwenye mchoro wa wiring🤔! Ikiwa utajifunza ujanja huu, inaweza kuchukua sekunde sifuri kuelewa mchoro wa ...
Ukitazama mchoro ya wiring zinatisha🤔, lakini ukishaelewa misingi kadhaa utaona ni rahisi sana🤷🏼♂️! Aanza kujua maana ya alama zilizomo, then componet au kifa gani unafatilia, ...
Mwongozo huu umetayarishwa kutumika kufanya matengenezo ya terminal, ukarabati wa waya, au kiunganishi matengenezo ya magari. Kuna sehemu ya hatua kwa hatua juu ya ukarabati ...
As you can see this PDF contains every anything abouth the control systems, including how troubleshoot any extreme provided a DTC or symptom! HAPA UJANJA ...
This ujanja was intended to help you as You perform necessary maintenance, service, and repair procedures on these TOYOTA R family engines. As you can ...
This full information, with clear step-by-step instructions, diagrams & pictures, provides detailed instructions and guidance from as simple as on how to disassemble, diagnose problems, ...
This ujanja was intended to help you as You perform necessary maintenance, service, and repair procedures on these Isuzu 4L series industrial engines. ...including 4LB1, ...
Kwenye simu yako kuna menyu nyingi zenye ujanja wa tofauti uliofichwa, na kuzifikia hizi menyu ni kutumia hizi misimbo au tuseme nambari hizi za siri! ...
Hapa tunakusanya taka taka zote za simu, tablet, nk! Hakuna mpangilio, chochote tunachokutana nacho, ambacho ni muhimu, tunaweka tu🤷♂️! HAPA UJANJA tu✌ Kama unavyojua, leo, ...
As you can see below, this workshop manual has been prepared to provide information on electrical circuits for this LANDROVER's FREELANDER! Look, 👇it covers all, ...
For these HUMMER H3 as you can see 👇sh*t covers all, including, servicing, maintenance, repair, ecu pinouts, wiring diagrams, diagnostics and troubleshooting guides to all ...
As fond on those 'then' Toyota's, Celica, Corona, Hilux, Hiace, 👇sh*t covers all, including, servicing, maintenance, repair, diagnostics and troubleshooting guides to all installed systems! ...
From wherever We collect and pile up these NISSAN t31 Xtrail Diesel writings, We believe it's NOT of use while doing Diagnostics, Service & Repair! ...
From wherever We collect and pile up these NISSAN writings, We believe it's NOT of use while doing Diagnostics, Service & Repair! This nonsense covers ...
Huu ni mkusanyiko wa picha au vitabu (PDF) yakuonesha michoro pamoja na kazi ya vifaa (electronic componets) zizilyopo kwenye motherboard za ECU. Mfano; ni yipi ...
As you can see below, this workshop manual has been prepared to provide information on , Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for the ISUZU DMAX ...
Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for these engines', Z24, KA, NA, QD & TD ! For other Nissan Control Systems, including ECU pinouts & wiring ...
This workshop manual has been prepared to provide information regarding repair procedures on Hino Trucks. Applicable for HINO 238, 258LP, 268, 338 series, equipped with ...
As you can see below, this workshop manual has been prepared to provide information on , Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for the HINO trucks ...
We be putting here, whatever rubbish about DOOSAN's engineering, manufacturing, heavy construction equipment👌! HAPA UJANJA tu😎 DOOSAN DA40 SERVICE & REPAIR INFO ...
Unajua, this is the most incomplete list, yaani haaaaaishi, juu kila wakati tunaweka mchoro mpya wa ECU, iwe ya Engine, ABS, Suspension, Airbag, nk! Tunaweka ...
Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for the engine, YD25DDTi, and KA24 below! For other Nissan Control Systems, including ECU pinouts & wiring diagrams, Click Here! ...
Hizi engine za nissan YD25DDTi unazikuta kwenye, akina NAVARA, PATHFINDER, MURANO, URVAN, nk! Sasa, kwenye hiki kitabu kuna blaa blaa zote za wiring, pamoja na ...
We compile including ECU PINOUTS for every all Toyota, Subaru, Ford, Suzuki, Nissan, Hyundai, Honda's! As demonstrated in the video below, you may better select ...
Ukitaka somea hapa, otherwise, bora ubonyeze PRINT au DOWNLOAD uweke hii PDF kwenye simu📲 au computer💻! HAPA UJANJA tu! FORWARD TILT MASTER FRR FSE ...
Jinsi unasikia 'nga, tofauti kuu kati ya magari ya umeme Electric Vehicles, na ya hybrid, ni kwamba magari ya umeme (EVs) yanatumisa tu umeme kabisa, ...
Workshop Service & Repair Information for the JAC trucks! Covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, with wiring diagrams, diagnostics ...
Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for that ISUZU N-series ! It covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, with wiring ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She is online! ...
Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for that Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X ! It covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, ...
Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for that Mazda Pickup ! It covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, with wiring ...
Workshop manual / factory service Information for the SUZUKI JIMNY's trucks! Covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, with wiring ...
Diagnostics, Service & Repair Information for those most Toyota's with a, 2GRFE ! For some Avalon, Avion, it may be specific, BUT covers all topics ...
Factory, workshop, DiY,service Information for the NISSAN JUKE's ! Covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, with wiring diagrams, diagnostics ...
Factory, workshop, DiY, Information for the SUBARU IMPREZA's between 00-08 ! Covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, with wiring ...
Factory, workshop service Information for that SUBARU LEGACY ! As You can see, sh*t covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical ...
Factory, workshop service Information for this high-performance, SUBARU WRX STI since 2005 ! It covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical ...
Factory, workshop service Information for this high-performance, SUBARU WRX STI since 2019 ! It covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical ...
Factory, workshop service Information for the 2JZGTE ! As You can see, sh*t covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, ...
Factory, workshop service Information for the SUBARU GC8 ! As You can see, sh*t covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical ...
Factory workshop manual / factory service Information for the SUZUKI JIMNY's trucks! Covers all topics related to, including, servicing, maintenance, repairs and electrical systems, with ...
This provides detailed information about the repair and maintenance procedures for the Mitsubishi, ...which we assume is some essential resource for technicians and mechanics, including ...
This provides detailed information about the repair and maintenance procedures for the Volkswagen Vento, ...which we assume is some essential resource for technicians and mechanics, ...
The Land Cruiser 40 Series was produced in multiple variants but, including for all series, these guidebooks contain essential information and instructions needed for You, ...
Obviously the VQ25DE entails those control systems as ECUs evidenced on likes, Nissan Cefiro (A32), Nissan Cefiro (A33), Nissan Leopard (FY33), Nissan Cedric (Y33), Nissan ...
Yes, This manual includes: Repair procedures, Fault Codes, Electrical, and Hydraulic Schematics, but remember this and more of such blaa blaa is here www.genielift.com ...
As You may know, this 6G72 was manufactured in three different models which featured SOHC with 12 valves, SOHC with 24 valves, and DOHC with 24 valves as evidenced in some of ...
This is some comprehensive guide that provides detailed instructions for repairing and maintaining all versions of this MITSUBISHI MONTERO model! It includes step-by-step procedures, illustrations, ...
This Workshop Manual is designed to help you perform necessary maintenance, service, and repair procedures on applicable Mitsubishi cars/trucks with this 4D56 engines. Bora You ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She ...
Ikiwa gari lilikuwa ajali, mgongano, au iligonga tu kama shimo na taa ya airbag ikawashwa, basi, kompyuta moduli ya airbag itahitaji kuwekwa upya. Mfumo wa ...
Haka ka software kako na zile basics za OBD blaa blaa, ufanyaji kazi wa ma sensors, actuators, codes, nk! Picha/maneno mengi utaona ya kitoto lakini ...
Ukumbuke, haya maandishi ya PDF yote, yako pia kitika video ndefu ya systems zote! Unaeza kubonyeza HAPA, uende moja kwa moja au ushuke chini kabisa! ...
Kama kawaida, au jinsi zinakuanga, hapa unaoneshwa uchawi wooooote wa umeme wa hiizi gari! Utaona michoro ya wire, namna kupima au kuchungunza, kutatuta matatizo ya ...
Hii ina taarifa zote zinazohitajika wakati wa kushughulika na masuala ya kiufundi ya kufanya kwa hizi Toyota SUPRA! Pamoja na michoro ya waya (Electrical routes ...
Ajali ikitokea, kompyuta iliopo kwenye itahifadhi kumbukumbu hili, pamoja na kuasha taa fulani kwamba ata ukiweka diagnosis mashine ili kuizima hiyo taa ya AIRBAG, haiwezekani! ...
This service manual iko kwa lugha ya English, and it has been prepared to provide TOYOTA service personnel with the necessary information and data for ...
Kama unavyojua au umefahamishwa, katika mfululizo wetu wa KEY PROGRAMMING, kwanza kabisa, kwa kweli, ikiwa hujui au huna msingi kuhusu mambo ya KEY PROGRAMMING, hii ...
Kwanza, assuming kwamba unajua ujanja wa EEPROM, kusoma, ku save data, nk, ukitaka bonyeza👇 HAPA www.5021.tips/ujanja/eepromwork 👆tuliekezana! Anyway, baada ya kutambua na kusoma data kutoka ...
Especially kwenye hizo gari zenye haziina hii OBD socket mpya ya 16PIN, pamoja na kwamba diagnosis mashine za siku hizi zinakuanga na socket moja juu ...
Jinsi👇unavyoona, kitabu hiki👇 kina maelezo ya kukuongoza, unaposhughulika na magari makubwa, kama vile, lori, mabasi, matrekta, injini kubwa kama zile zinazotumika katika jenereta, na mengine ...
The purpose of this section is to help you understand the general diagnostic process that you will follow regardless of the type of customer concern ...
We Keep pile loads of TOYOTA TRUCKS's information! Hope it helps You, inshaAllah✌ This is some zipped Pack of several trucks' systems! click HERE 🤺 ...
This rubbish contains detailed information on each component of every particular system🤷♀️! ...with thorough step-by-step, Diagnostics & Repair instructions, obviously with diagrams that are easy ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She is online! ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She is online! ...
This some inline 4-cylinder DOHC 16 valve, usually fitted on likes, Pajero Sport/Montero Sport, Triton/L200/Strada, and probably adapted to others🤷♂️! HAPA UJANJA tu👌 ...
As you know, the 3GR-FSE adds D-4 direct injection, usually fitted in Toyota Mark X (GRX121), Toyota Crown Royal & Athlete (GRS182/183), Lexus GS 300 ...
Utilisez n’importe quelle machine capable d’écrire des données, HEXA 😉! Nous avons parlé de tout ce qui est nécessaire, KEY PROGRAMMING cliquez ici Lisez les ...
Resistors, yaaani Rizisita, zinazuia mtiririko wa umeme! Uzuiaji huu unaweza kuja na manufaa katika hali nyingi, especially katika vifaa vya umeme! Hizi 👇video inaelekezea kila ...
Ukumbuke, haya maandishi ya PDF yote, yako pia kitika video ndefu ya systems zote! Unaeza kubonyeza HAPA, uende moja kwa moja au ushuke chini kabisa! ...
Ukumbuke, haya maandishi ya PDF yote, yako pia kitika video ndefu ya systems zote! Unaeza kubonyeza HAPA, uende moja kwa moja au ushuke chini kabisa! ...
Jinsi unafahamu lugha ya Kingereza unakutana nayo sehemu nyingi nyingi katika shuguli zako! So, ukijifunza uchawi fulani wa matumizi, kuzungumza au kuhandika, inakuwa faida kubwa ...
Hapa, bila mpangilio tunachagua ujanja👨🎓 au skill fulani ya kujifunza, but kwa mpangilio🤣! Tunaenda pole pole kwa uhakika wa kugusa kila sehemu mhimu kwa hiyo ...
This book offers easy-to-follow lessons in electricity and electronics' fundamentals and applications with minimal math, plenty of illustrations and practical examples, and test-yourself questions that ...
Simple, kwenye simu📲 yako au computer💻, unasoma haya maneno wakati unamsikiliza mtu akiyatamka! Ukitaka kujua maana yao, tumisa app ya kutafsiri! Hebu, ukitaka, unaeza kutazama ...
The first book on electric and hybrid vehicles (EVs) written specifically for automotive students and vehicle owners! As you can see, this book is with ...
Kitabu hiki kinafichua siri za kompyuta kwa kila mtu kuona🤷♀️! Kiliandikwa na mkongwe wa kompyuta wa miaka 40 ambaye anataka kuondoa siri kutoka kwa kompyuta ...
Hiki kitabu kinajaribu kufafanunlia maana ya OBD fault code, wapi tatizo lilipo kwenye gari, pamoja na umbea wa ziada wenye namna tofauti tofauti chakufanya ili ...
This book is intended to provide an in-depth introduction to the hardware and technology of the personal computer and to answer your questions about how ...
This manual explains items specific to parts used in the TOYOTA AVENSIS Common Rail System Construction and operation, supply pump blaaa blaaa OCV, nk! ...
Namana tumeelekezana katika hii video, cable yeyote inaeza kufanya hizo kazi kufanya j2534 diagnosis ya kitaalamu👩🏼🔧 ! Download hii software ili muradi umeweza kubadili cable ...
Nadhani unafahamu/unasikianga kuhusu uchawi wa AUTODATA🤔! Maelekezo au na umuhimu, njo👇 HAPA bonyeza👆 Inakuonesha wiring diagrams Inakuonesha mahali vifaa au parts zilipo kwenye systems za ...
This just showing how AUTODATA is useful! To access visit👇 www.autodata-group.com ....otherwise to login👇 workshop.autodata-group.com/login GET this useful how to use, how helpful AUTODAT is, ...
Ukumbuke, haya maandishi ya PDF yote, yako pia kitika video ndefu ya systems zote! Unaeza kubonyeza HAPA, uende moja kwa moja au ushuke chini kabisa! ...
Unaeza kuwa una hiyo diagnosis mashine, but kunachangamoto unapata🤔! May be matumizi ya namna kufanya utundu fulani wa kitaalamu, au inaeza kuwa mashine ina tatizo ...
As You see, all information included, hope it helps You! It's advisable to downlead this PDF, because tomorrow this lab could disappear🤷♀️ HAPA UJANJA tu👀 ...
As you know, PERKINS ENGINES are found in a wide range of machinery, including, tractors, generators, industrial tools, and machinery. Yes even if, but Caterpillar ...
This HIGH-QUALITY OEM manual is 100% COMPLETE and INTACT, no MISSING/CORRUPT pages/sections to freak you out! This manual is exactly as described. This is the ...
Unaeza kusomea hapa, lakini bora download usomee ata kwa simu🤷♀️ HAPA UJANJA tu👌 INTRODUCTION ELECTRICALWIRINGROUTING ELECTRICAL WIRING ROUTING SYSTEM CIRCUITS GROUND POINTS POWER SOURCE CURRENT ...
As you know, diagnostics, or fault finding, is a fundamental part of an automotive technician's work, and as automotive systems become increasingly complex there is ...
Nguvu za ule moshi unaotoka kwa engine unatumika kuzungusha aina ya kama pampu fulani hivi, na wakati wakuzunguka hii pump inanyonya au kuvuta hewa kutoka ...
As you can see🤷♀️, choose what you want, leave the rest 🤣🤣! We selected those few quickies, to get the whole vehicle everything, click 👇HERE Better ...
As you can see, check whatever could be of your use🤷♀️! Better download this PDf then read offline & forever, insha'Allah😉! ...alafu, this website getthemanuals.org ...
This some COMPLETE with full, workshop & DIY, service repair information containing easy-to-read text sections, quality diagrams and instructions with; Detailed sub-steps expand on repair ...
As you can see, check whatever could be of your use🤷♀️! Better download this PDf then read offline & forever, insha'Allah😉! ...alafu, this website getthemanuals.org ...
This 7 Speed planetary automatic transmission W7A 700 with seven forward and two reverse gears is based on the consistent further development of the previous ...
This some COMPLETE with full, workshop & DIY, service repair information containing easy-to-read text sections, quality diagrams and instructions with; Detailed sub-steps expand on repair ...
This some COMPLETE with full, workshop & DIY, service repair information containing easy-to-read text sections, quality diagrams and instructions with; Detailed sub-steps expand on repair ...
All RENAULTS' tech information be here! RENAULT PREMIUM DXi 11 330 - 380 - 440 Renault-Premium-440-DXi-11 MR388LOGAN8 PROGRAMMING AN ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT (technical note) ...
After buying device from www.wow-portal.com who, as known to us, are the original manufacturers or from whichever their agent, unaezajikuta una hiyo device but may ...
Hii PDF kuna kila Technical info kuhusu hizi aina ya NAVARA! Kuna michoro ya waya, namna ya kufungua/kufunga kila anything! Kufanya service, Engine overhaul, Transmission, ...
AIRBAG system iko na sensa ya kuchunguza kutikisa, ina maaana gari ikitikisa gafla kupiita kiasi isio ya kawaida, hii sensor 'sensa' itapeleka umbea chap kwenda ...
As You know, Control systems are used in a wide range of applications, including manufacturing, transportation, Consumer Electronics, Energy production and etc! So, wherever whichever warning lights, ...
Sasa, this is intended for the technical personnel responsible for service and maintenance of MercedesBenz trucks. The contents in here are split up into: • ...
Mwenyewe unaona au utaona wingi wa picha za rangi kamili na michoro kuelezea kila kuhumu blaa blaa za umeme! Kuna ufafanuzi ulioangaziwa wa istilahi za ...
These guidebooks contain essential information and instructions needed for You, a user, and or especially for a Technician (Mechanic), to Diagnosis, then fix these TOYOTA's ...
Yes, ni free but don't flee😂😁! Unachangia just 2🍻drinks, compensate for our time & data🧐! CHAT, ask👇 SUZAN for passwords🤷♀️! EMAIL📩 ujanja@5021.tips WhatsApp🤳 +254 753 ...
This manual has every all detailed illustrations as well as step by step instructions for diagnosis, repair and obviously service information or anything needed to ...
This information is for/about all NAVARA NAVARA series, starting D21, D22, D22, D40 below, just click on respective image! NAVARA D21 NAVARA D22 NAVARA D23 ...
Hatufuati ratiba, ama hatufati mupangilio wowote, tunaweka tu chochote tunachogundua kuwa muhimu ....and may be free to access🤷♂️! HAPA UJANJA tu👨🎓 GOOGLE TRANSLATE ni moja ...
This is complete factory service repair workshop manual has easy-to-read text sections with top quality diagrams and instructions. They are specifically written for the do-it-yourselfer ...
Includes all Technical information, illustrations, wiring diagrams and everything, be it for body works, electrical repairs, Mechanical Repairs, etc! You may want check out this ...
Including so many other uses, but an inductor is a passive electronic component that temporarily stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows ...
This guidebook contains descriptions of various basic matters required for and cautions to be exercised when bodybuilding or making alterations to the base vehicles in ...
This Service Manual contains maintenance, Diagnosis, and repair methods for these Mitsubishi Fuso Trucks! As the video👇 previews, it has got all every technical information! ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She ...
Malori 🚚🚒🚍makubwa, kwa kutaka kupuguza mwendo, zikitegemea mifumo ya breki ya kawaidai, kunasababisha msuguano, ambayo nayo kusababisha joto. Alafu hii 🔥joto nyingi, kama vile lori ...
Mfumo huu uliundwa ili kumbusha kufunika mfuniko! obviously, kuhakikisha kuwa hakuna uchafu unaoingia kwenye tanki la mafuta, na kutoruhusu mafuta yaliyoyeyuka kubadilika kuwa hewa! Ndiyo, ...
Mfumo wa PTO, yaaani Power Take-Off, ni njia ya kugawanya au kugeuza kabisa, nguvu kutoka kwa injini ya lori ili zitumike kufanya shuguli zingine isipokuwa ...
Hizi michoro za wiring inaonyesha jinsi waya zinavyounganishwa na wapi zinapaswa kuwepo kwenye hii RANGEROVER SPORT, pamoja na uhusiano kati ya vipengele vyote ...
Huu uchawi unakusaidia kufanya, flash-diski, memory card, nk, iweze kuwa kama CD au DVD ya kuwekea windows! Namna video inaonesha ni sekunde sifuri tu! 👇👇 ...
Ikiwa unapanga kufanya kazi yako mwenyewe kwenye Nissan yako, iwe matengenezo ya kawaida au miradi ya ndani, miongozo hii ni bora zaidi, na sahihi! Bonyeza ...
Weka tu hiyo video nzito unaetaka kupunguza, kwenye Programu hii, chagua saizi unayotaka iwe, hivyo tu! Infact, unaweza hata kugawanya video hiyo, as in, kuikata ...
Ikiwa unataka matokeo yawe na sentensi, maneno yaliyopangwa kwa mpangilio sawa na jinsi umeaandika, wakati unaandika kwenye 'search engine', hayo maneno yako yaweke kwenye hizi ...
Hakuna tofauti katika jinsi 'Serach Engine', kama Google, Bing, au DuckDuckGo, nk, zinavyozingatia herufi kubwa au ndogo wakati wa kuorodhesha/kurudishsa matokeo. Hiizi bla blaa zinatumia ...
Huu ni ujanja ambayo unaweza kutumia kutafuta tovuti zingine zinazotoa bidha au shuguli za kufanana. Mfano, ya www.Facebook.com ni social media, sasa ukiingiza tovuti ya ...
Katika baadhi ya ujanja, unaweza kuchukua kitabu au video au programu moja, lakini baadaye unaona ni muhimu kuwa na vingine au kifurushi kizima! Kwa hivyo, ...
Ikiwa unataka kupata jibu sahihi kwa shida uliyo nayo, unahitaji kujua jinsi ya kuuliza swali sahihi. Kwa watu wengi hii inaweza kuwa jambo gumu zaidi ...
Siku hizi almost kila kitu kinaundwa kuwa na hii blaa bla ya CONTROL SYSTEMS, mfano, AC za ofisini, nyumbani mataa yanajiwasha yenyewe, gari za siku ...
Hili ndilo lango la darasa la ECU hardware repairs, tunaanza kwa kuelewa jinsi SENSORS (vitambuzi) na ACTUATORS (viamilisho) tofauti zinahusiana na ECU! Tunaaza kwa kuelewa ...
Hii ndiyo programu rahisi, yenye suluhiso ya ankara, au invoyisi, na uhasibu ili kupata mauzo na ripoti za biashara yako, pamoja na kufanya usimamizi wa ...
The common rail system uses a type of accumulation chamber called a rail to store pressurized fuel, and injectors that contain electronically controlled solenoid valves ...
Watu wengi wamebadilisha mafuta (OIL) ya gari lao wenyewe au wamepeleka gari kwa garage kwa wataalamu! Sasa, kipengele muhimu kuhusu blaa blaa ya mafuta (OIL) ...
Sii unajua kuna maelekezo jinsi ya kufungua, kufunga, kurekebisha, ku fanya hiki na kile...pamoja na michoro ya wiring, picha zote😎! Iliaandaliwa na wataalamu wenyewe👌, so.....? ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She is online! ...
Just like the video below shows, this Nissan Pathfinder R51 Service, Diagnosis, Repair Manual covers all aspects of vehicle repair, maintenance and rebuild specifications for ...
This is COMPLETE official OEM full workshop service repair manual containing easy-to-read text sections with top quality diagrams and instructions includes: Detailed sub-steps expand on ...
Electronic Stability Program (ESP) ama Electronic Stability Control (ESC), au tena Dynamic Stability Control (DSC), ni uchawi wa ku improve a computerised vehicle's stability by ...
Ukitaka kujua details za kompyuta, ina windows gani, na hiyo windows iliopo na 10 bit au 32bit au 50bit au 64bit au 1000000bit😂🤣😆😁 au....you know🤷♂️? ...
Yes, ni free but don't flee😂😁! Unachangia just 2🍻drinks, compensate for our time & data🧐! CHAT, ask👇 SUZAN for passwords🤷♀️! EMAIL📩 ujanja@5021.tips WhatsApp🤳 +254 753 ...
This simple, very productive and easy-to-use computer denuit keeps a database of your customers, suppliers, stock, and makes quotations, invoices & receipts! As shown in ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She is online! HAPA ...
This service manual iko kwa lugha ya English, and it has been prepared to provide SUBARU service personnel with the necessary information and data for ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, in case ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She ...
Hii programu ni mfumo au namna, njia ambayo duka/kampuni inasimamia harakati nzuri na uhifadhi wa bidhaa zake, kwanzia bidhaa kuingia mpaka mauzo. Obviously utajua kiasi ...
Inawezekana unataka kutuma faili kubwa lakini, juu ya chechote kile🤷♂️, unashindwa, kwa sababu faili hiyo ina saizi kubwa🤔! Kwa hivyo kutumia uchawi huu unaweza kutuma ...
Simple, reba gusa kuri serial number, hanyuma ukoreshe iyi software kugirango ubare kode yo gufungura radio uko iyi video ikwereka! Nyuma yo kumanuka munsi yiyi👇video ...
Huu uchawi wa PIZOELECTRIC EFFECT ni kwamba, ukigonga au kukandamiza kitu kiliotengenezwa kwa ile kemikali ya crystal blaa blaa😂🤣😁, hicho kitu kinaweza kuzaa umeme. TENA ...
Nguvu za magineti👌 zikija karibu kwa wire au kifaa chechote kinachopitisha umeme na kwamba kuna umeme unaopita🤔kwa hiki kifaa, kuna uchawi funi utakaotokea kusababisha/kuzalisha umeme ...
Huu uchawi unatibu WINDOWS pamoja na MICROSOFT OFFICE👌! Mashariti ni kwamba wakati unapakuwa (downloading) au ukimaliza lazima uzime antivirus yeyote iliopo kwenye laptop/kompyuta yako! Mfano ...
Hapa tunajaribu kufafananua au kuelezeana maana ya maneno fulani ya kitaaalam👌, ambao tunatumia katika maisha yetu ya kila siku, bila kujua maana🤔! So, HAPA UJANJA ...
Ukitoa battery ya gari au kuichokonowa chokonowa radio ki namna, itafika wakati unakuuliza neno siri au may be kama ulitoa nje memory card, inakwambia uingize ...
A Virtual Private Server (VPS) uses virtualization software to partition physical servers into multiple "virtual" servers—each having the ability to run its own operating system ...
Jinsi unafahamu🤔, ukitoa battery ya gari au ukichokonowa chokonawa radios, itakuuliza neno la siri (password)🤷🏼♂️! SO kama hauna hii password, bhasi hiyo radio itakata kufanya ...
This electronic service manual (ESM) is intended for serve, repair and troubleshoot Nissan GTR, Model R35 Series 2008-2016MY. Service manual contains the detailed and full ...
This is COMPLETE official OEM full workshop service repair manual containing easy-to-read text sections with top quality diagrams and instructions includes: Detailed sub-steps expand on ...
Mara nyingi unakutana file za iso🙄, zile file zimeka kama CD/DVD hiivi🤔, ukijaribu kuifungua inakwambia "this ISO file can't be blaa blaa"😆🤣😂 Sii unajua hizo ...
Unaeza kuwa unataka kufanya kitu fulani kwenye computer💻 lakini🙄 hujui niaje. Mwenzako amekwelezea namna ya chakufanya, lakini baado unaona ni ngumu😥! Sasa kuna uchawi mtu ...
Uchawi wa VIRTUAL MACHINE ni kuzalisha computer nyigi ndani ya computer moja🖥! Mfano, uko na computer ya MAC wakati unataka kufanya kazi zinazohitaji computer ya ...
Tunapata mada yoyote kulingana, kisha tunajadili (discuss) kikamilifu kwa njia ya kawaida mtu yeyote anaweza kuelewa ...na mazoezi pia! Hii sio jinsi shule za kawaida ...
ENGINE SPEED inamanisha mwendo engine inazunguka (a.k.a RPM) alafu VEHICLE SPEED ni mwendo wa gari zima au tuseme muzunguko wa tayari although sio! Hizi signal ...
Herufi kubwa zinatumika sehemu nyigi kama, mwanzo mwa sentensi, majina ya watu, majina ya mahali, nk! Ukitaka umbea wa ziada then check out this video👇 ...
As demonstrated below, you browse a list of ECU models, including Bosch, Denso, Marelli, Continental, Siemens, etc, and select the required one. Very easy/simple to ...
Ukumbuke, haya maandishi ya PDF yote, yako pia kitika video ndefu ya systems zote! Unaeza kubonyeza HAPA, uende moja kwa moja au ushuke chini kabisa! ...
Ukumbuke, haya maandishi ya PDF yote, yako pia kitika video ndefu ya systems zote! Unaeza kubonyeza HAPA, uende moja kwa moja au ushuke chini kabisa! ...
Ukumbuke, haya maandishi ya PDF yote, yako pia kitika video ndefu ya systems zote! Unaeza kubonyeza HAPA, uende moja kwa moja au ushuke chini kabisa! ...
Ukumbuke, haya maandishi ya PDF yote, yako pia kitika video ndefu ya systems zote! Unaeza kubonyeza HAPA, uende moja kwa moja au ushuke chini kabisa! ...
Engine Control Unit, a.k.a ECU, yaani kompyuta ya injini, ni kitengo cha kudhibiti injini (ECU), au tuseme ni kifaa kinachodhibiti mifumo mingi ya injini katika ...
Ukitaka kutazama yale maandishi ya waalimu wa TOYOTA katika video, ndo hapa sasa! Hayo maandishi ya PDF ni haya hapa, bonyeza HAPA 👇 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇 Kupata/ ...
Ukumbuke, haya maandishi ya PDF yote, yako pia kitika video ndefu ya systems zote! Unaeza kubonyeza HAPA, uende moja kwa moja au ushuke chini kabisa! ...
This software manual covers absolutely every years' in between! Every possible repair procedure is covered. This is the SAME comprehensive manual dealers and mechanics use ...
As demonstrated in the video below, this automated program is some premium time tracking and workforce productivity measurement tool that helps you productively monitor or ...
Includes all Technical information, illustrations, wiring diagrams and everything, be it for body works, electrical repairs, Mechanical Repairs, etc! HAPA UJANJA tu! ...
This list is very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She ...
Hii program ni moja kwa hizo zinazoweza kusaidia kufuuta mifumo, as in to disable DPF, EGR, Adblue, lambda, immobilizer, Fault codes fulani (DTC)zitoke kwenye kompyuta ...
This service manual iko kwa lugha ya English, and it has been prepared to provide SUZUKI service personnel with the necessary information and data for ...
These Wiring diagrams are visual representations of the connections and layout of electrical circuits in this Mitsubishi. They used standardized symbols and codes to show ...
As you can see👇👇, this wiring diagram is a valuable resource for locating, diagnosing, and fixing this AVLON's electrical problems. 👇👇HAPA UJANJA tu! 👇👇 ...
Kwanza ukiweka aina ya gari, hii progrogram itakuonesha chip/EEPROM ya ku deal nayo! Tena, assuming kwamba unajua ujanja wa EEPROM, kusoma, ku save data, nk, ...
Ujanja huu rahisi unaweza kukusaidia kucheza na mipangilio ya msingi, kama vile kuondoa vizuizi vya spidi kasi ili gari liendeshwe, kuzima au kutoa uzuiaji unaosababiswa ...
As You can see, it contains detailed information on each mechanical & electrical component with thorough step-by-step repair instructions and electrical wiring diagrams! Enjoy 👇 ...
This very useful Technical information should always be available to NOT only the foremen, but to for every all Technicians, because their careful and constant ...
Huu ujanja ni wa kuwezesha ku nakala (copy), au tuseme kuzalisha (reproduce), kompyuta na ma program yote yaliyomwo! OK, imagine mwenzako amekusaidia na kompyuta yake, ...
Ukumbuke, haya maandishi ya PDF yote, yako pia kitika video ndefu ya systems zote! Unaeza kubonyeza HAPA, uende moja kwa moja au ushuke chini kabisa! ...
This is COMPLETE official OEM full workshop service repair manual containing easy-to-read text sections with top quality diagrams and instructions includes: Detailed sub-steps expand on ...
This very useful Technical information should always be available to NOT only the foremen, but to for every all Technicians, because their careful and constant ...
This list is still very incomplete, tunaendelea kuweka🤞! So, ukikosa uliotaka, shuka chini ya hii page utujulishe tukutumie fasta fasta, au zungumza/chat with SUZAN if She is ...
This PDF shows this FORD's circuit functions, Wiring diagram with a simplified conventional pictorial representation of these electrical circuits. As you can see below, the ...
Sii unajua kuna maelekezo jinsi ya kupima, kufungua, kufunga, kurekebisha, ku fanya hiki na kile...pamoja na michoro ya wiring, picha zote😎! Kiliaandaliwa na wataalamu wenyewe👌, ...
Hii PDF kuna kila Technical info kuhusu hizi aina za NAVARA! Kuna michoro ya waya, namna ya kufungua/kufunga kila anything! Kufanya service, Engine overhaul, Transmission, ...
How it works, insha’Allah😳!
There a billion reasons why (then) to just use a motor (M) to rotate the tyre (T) was illusional😉!
Infrastructure, the roads being bad!
The motor technology would be adapted to just compliment the IC-engine🧘♂️!
There are different HYBRID configurations,
Continue imagining some ‘special something‘ used in hybrid vehicles to manage power distribution between an IC-engine (E) and electric motor/generators (M)😎!
The IC-engine could be moving the vehicle alone, while charging the Motor’s HV-battery🤷♂️!
As long as the battery has optimum ‘juice’, the motor then solely drives the vehicle👩🦽!
Just like You would connect batteries,
Whenever necessary to maximize efficiency and performance,
PHEVs must be plugged in to an external power source to maximize efficiency👌! 
PHEVs automatically manage power, prioritize electric mode until the battery is low, then seamlessly switch to hybrid mode (IC-engine + electric)👩🦽!
REx
This EREV is equipped with a,
Unlike traditional plug-in hybrids, the REx engine never drives the wheels directly; it only powers an electric generator, eliminating range anxiety while keeping the vehicle in electric-only mode🔌!
If you’re interested in some nonsense about Temperature sensors‘ parameters🩺
Just be open-minded, depending on the Battery’s complexity, the monitoring could be per, cell, module, stack, or general Battery🤷♂️!
If you’re not sure how to test, where to test, what to test, when to test, why to…
There could be some LOCAL electronic control units, per cell, per module, per stack, depending on how complicated the HV-battery could be, insha’Allah☝!
The HV–Battery’s ECU, shares the, Temperature, Current, Voltage, and other parameters with other control units including the,
In fact, in some specific models or custom applications (like campers), the inverter/converter may be located in the trunk or behind interior panels😜!
(O) Whatever magic the converter / inverter does, involves heat generation, and so is why there entry points (O) to circulate whatever coolant🍻🍺!
The Temperature of the inverter (Z) converter has to be monitored, so don’t forget considering 🩺whatever Temperature sensor👌!
You will see such DC, motor, and generator connection terminals🤷♀️!
These things vary with different hybrid vehicles, this 5021tips nonsense isjust giving You some perspective of ‘wah gwaan’, seen🤔?
😜🤪😁😜
Let me even stop here,
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Although 
For 
This ‘
This 
You know 
Remember our vehicles (
Remember, 
Remember, every ‘ujanja’ could be 
If 
Katika muunganisho wa kawaida wa USB, sii ni 
Pini ya 
Unapaswa kuangalia vipimo vya bidhaa au kutafuta nembo za uthibitishaji ili kuhakikisha kebo inakidhi mahitaji yao.
Kebo inaweza kutengenezwa (kiujinga, sio ujanja) ili 
sio sahihi, kwa kutazama 🧐tu waya, udhani zote ni sawa😁!
By the way, ukitaka ule 
For longer, exorbitant, ujanja 
All that mambo jambo, transponders, readers’ coils, immu immo, this that box, everything 
So, with BMW, when it’s mentioned, EWS or EIS, it could be about the same nonsense, seen?
Could be a different algorithm that now all the associated units, the
Siri ya 
Ndani kuna kifaa kinaitwa 
Pressure ikizidi 
